| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文范文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 特辖制是俄国沙皇伊凡雷帝于1565年实行的一项政治决议计划。重要目标在于袭击社会下层政治精英,保护小我无穷权利。因为伊凡雷帝自幼多疑的特性,和妄图完成小我集权的心思,导致他不肯意与“重臣拉达”等其他波雅尔显贵分享权利。为了袭击一切对其独裁统治有威逼的权势,伊凡把立沃尼亚战斗的掉利迁怒于波雅尔,并以天主的名义对“反水者”停止“末日审讯”。多种身分的联合,招致特辖制恐惧政策的实行。特辖制实行后,俄国被划分为特辖区与通俗区两部门,其情势还是旧的国度封邑。特辖制统治下残酷的袭击办法及治理形式的庞杂化,伤害了俄国社会的成长与稳固。为了到达小我集权,伊凡雷帝以强力的特辖制为手腕,成果不只没有完成求之不得的欲望,反而摧垮了本身的统治。招致这类喜剧的缘由在于,对独裁君主制的狂热信心和完整的非感性与实际状态之间弗成折衷的抵触而至。本文重要分为五章。第一章重要考核伊凡四世实行特辖制的缘由。对于特辖制实行的缘由,本文彩取多身分促进之说。因为伊凡雷帝少小构成的多疑特性,加上与“重臣拉达”成员政管理念的分歧,招致两者之间涌现裂缝。随同立沃尼亚战斗的掉利,伊凡雷帝把战斗掉利的罪恶全体归罪于“重臣拉达”及其他波雅尔军事批示官,最初以天主的名义借助“末日审讯”来处分一切的“叛徒”。总之,在这类层层递进、抵触激化的状况下,促进了特辖制的实行。第二章重要考核特辖制的实行。特辖制是伊凡雷帝为完成小我集权而蓄谋已久的产品。他采用以退为进的手腕迫使波雅尔年夜贵族赞成其实行特辖制。然后在全国划分特辖区与通俗区,招致俄国政治治理形式庞杂化,加上恐惧政策的实行,最初导致伊凡雷帝统治渐掉平易近心。第三章考核的是特辖制的终结。特辖制之所以走向终结重要是内忧内乱所惹起。特辖制恐惧政策自己激起平易近愤,和1571年克里木鞑靼人侵袭莫斯科,招致伊凡雷帝统治面对危机。为转变窘境,伊凡决议撤消特辖制,至16世纪80年月以后特辖制完全被破除。第四章是对特辖制的熟悉。特辖制不外是伊凡雷帝小我独裁集权的产品。用国度平安受威逼的幌子诱骗俄国年夜众,否决社会下层政治精英介入国度治理,把本身的臣平易近视为奴隶。用特辖制这类强力制裁手腕保护小我统治,最初只能使国度好处遭遇丧失,使国度偏离正常的成长轨道。最初为停止语,是对全文内容的总结归纳综合。为了完成小我集权,伊凡雷帝掉臂及实际,采用恐惧的特辖制政策,妄图完成不克不及完成的器械,成果不只伤害了沙皇本身的神经,同时把其统治也弄垮了。本文的立异在于,从伊凡自幼构成的多怀疑理、小我妄图停止专制独裁的志愿动身,剖析了特辖制与“重臣拉达”、立沃尼亚战斗、“末日审讯”之间的关系,从而较周全阐述了伊凡四世实行特辖制的缘由。别的对特辖制停止的时光,分歧于国际学者传统上的1572年说,本文以为它现实停止年月要到16世纪80年月。 Abstract: Special power is a political resolution of the Russian Tsar Ivan Reti in 1565 to implement the plan. An important goal is to attack the social and political elite, to protect the rights of the individual. As Ivan the terrible childhood suspicious characteristics, and attempt to complete personal centralization of mind, cause he refused to meaning and "Sydney LADA" other Boyars, dignitaries share rights. To attack all the dictatorship of coercion power, Ivan the Livonian fighting off the vent on wave Yael, and in the name of God to "rebel" stop "the end of the trial. Combination of various factors, the implementation of special policy lead over fear. After the implementation of special power, Russia is divided into special area and popular area in two departments, the situation is still the old feudal country. Complexity of the brutal attack method and the governance form of power under the rule of the Russian social harm growth and stability. In order to achieve their personal centralization, Ivan the terrible to the strong lorded it over the wrist, the results not only did not complete the elusive desire, but destroyed the domination itself. Cause the reason of this type of comedy is that confidence in the frenzy of the autocratic monarchy and complete non sensibility and actual state between Eph into compromise conflict be caused by. This article is divided into five chapters. The reason the first chapter Ivan the special power of the important assessment. The reason about the power to implement, this paper take multi identity that promote. Because Ivan the young a suspicious character, coupled with the "Sydney LADA member administration read differences, resulting in between the two cracks have emerged. Along with the Livonian fighting off, Ivan the terrible to fight off evil all blame in Sydney LADA and other Boyars, military commander, initially in God's name with "the end of the trial," to dispose of all of the "traitor". In a word, in this kind of progressive intensification of the conflict situation, to promote the implementation of the special power. The second chapter of the important assessment of special power. The special power is for the completion of the ego centralization and Ivan premeditated products. He used to force the wrist for the Boyars, great nobles are in favor of it over. Then divided the oprichnina and popular area, bring about Russian political governance form complicated, with the implementation of the policy of fear, initially led to the reign of Ivan the terrible lose the plain near the heart gradually. The third chapter is the end of the examination of special power. It is important to end special power caused by internal strife. Special dominion over the politics of fear stirs up a plain near the anger of their own, and in 1571 Crimean Tatars attack in Moscow, lead to Ivan the terrible rule in the face of the crisis. To change the situation, Ivan decided to undo the special control, in sixteenth Century to 80 years after the special power completely broken. The fourth chapter is familiar with the special members. The special power is nothing more than personal authoritarian centralized product ivan. Country peace by luring Russian masses under the guise of coercion, rejected the lower social political elite involved in governing the country, to itself and the servants of plain myopia as slaves. Dominion over the strong sanctions against the wrist to protect the ego's rule, initially only the country benefits suffer loss, make the country deviate from the track of normal development. In the first part, it is a summary of the content of the whole paper. In order to achieve personal centralization, Ivan the terrible off arm and the actual, the fear of dominion over policy, in a vain attempt to complete the means not complete equipment, results not only hurt the czar of nerve, and the rule for the battered. Lies in the innovation of this paper, from Ivan childhood constitute much doubt the relationship between science, ego in an attempt to stop autocratic dictatorship volunteer to start, analysis the special rulers and the ministers LADA, Livonian war, "the end of the trial,", to a more comprehensive exposition of the Ivan IV Implementation of dominion over the reason. Stop the other to have dominion over time, differences in the traditional scholars of 1572 said, this paper think it realistic to stop years to 80 years of the 16th century. 目录: |
