| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文范文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 在蒙古统治时代,中世纪的俄国变成两年夜方枘圆凿权势订交杂的纽带。从东方来说,俄国处在欧洲基督教世界的边沿,在最偏僻的前哨。从西方来说,俄国事伟大的蒙古帝国从中国海一向延长到欧洲的最西真个国土。对于中世纪的俄国,困难之一就是它其实不完整属于某一阵营。文明上与拜占庭和东方慎密相连,政治上与异教徒和以后的西方穆斯林相接洽,从任何一个方面来说金帐汗国统治下的俄都城是一个特例。金帐汗国对西南罗斯诸公国的统治长达两百多年。在这两个多世纪里,罗斯国度和社会发生了伟大变更。在金帐汗国之前,罗斯社会从未遭遇到如斯伟大的冲击。固然西南罗斯地域并没有遭到金帐汗国的直接统治,但这里的罗斯国度从王公的继位到触及蒙古-鞑靼人的一切司法案件,从国度严重的政治军事决议计划到通俗平易近众的平常生涯,无不遭到金帐汗国的干预和作用。除此以外,西南罗斯王公还引入了很多金帐汗国的治理轨制,并以此慢慢树立起一套完整的权要轨制和治理系统。根本不雅点：本文以为蒙古驯服战斗和金帐汗国的历久统治给俄国带来的伟大灾害。然则两个平易近族间的战争的交换是到处可见的。俄国与蒙古军人经常并肩作战,俄国王公将鞑靼老婆迎娶回家,在萨莱与俄国丛林之间的远程商业经常可见等等。别的金帐汗国对于俄国成长的作用,固然很难去权衡,但明显是伟大的。由金帐汗国所精心培植,以后鼓起的繁华商业的主要性也是非常伟大的。我们应看到金帐汗国统治给俄国带来了伟大改变。卡拉姆津已经说过--“莫斯科的巨大属于可汗们”。基辅罗斯是以王公、贵族、维彻为基本的城邦-国度,金帐汗国统治停止以后在西南罗斯逐步鼓起的莫斯科公国事以独裁主义为特点的政体。莫斯科年夜公依附独裁政体集中一切资本赓续扩大国土并终究完成了俄罗斯的同一。固然金帐汗国在莫斯科公国突起于俄国同一中所起到的感化是难以停止量化评价的,但在以后的扩大中莫斯科运用了多种鞑靼体系体例来加强本身的实力。简略地说,蒙古对于中世纪俄国的作用是多样的,庞杂并且是非常无力的。并且在此基本上莫斯科公国终究成长成为以沙皇制、东止教和农奴制为基本的近代俄罗斯帝国。本文的重点就在于阐述金帐汗国作用下西方独裁主义在俄国的鼓起。另外,东北罗斯完整不受金帐汗国统治,这就使得西南罗斯与东北罗斯从政治上的分化逐步走向平易近族分化。这也是本文阐述的另外一重点。本文共分为八章：第一章,蒙古入侵与金帐汗国--除对金帐汗国全体汗青做了扼要引见外,还附带引见了蒙古入侵前的南俄草原。第二至第七章--从平易近族、社会、政治、经济、文明、宗教等方面具体剖析了金帐汗国统治给中世纪俄国所带来的深入作用。第八章,结论部门微观上归纳综合了蒙古时代罗斯社会各方面所遭到的作用并集中阐述了金帐汗国统治对俄国独裁主义鼓起的作用。 Abstract: During the Mongolia era, medieval Russian ties into two intersecting complex power fangruiyuanzao. In the East, Russia is on the edge of the Christian world in Europe, in the most remote outpost. From the west, the great Mongolia empire from the Chinese sea has been extended to the west of Europe. One of the difficulties of the Middle Ages in the Middle Ages was that it was not a complete one. Civilization with the Byzantine and Eastern cheek by jowl connected political and pagan and later Western Muslims to engage, from any one of the Golden Horde Khanate under the rule of the Russian capital is a special case. The Golden Horde of Southwest China for more than two hundred years of Ross's. In these two centuries, great changes have occurred in the country and society of Ross. Before the Golden Horde, Ross society had never encountered such a great impact. Although Ross southwest region and that there was no direct rule of the Golden Horde, but Ross country here from the succession for princes to touch all judicial cases in the Mongol Tatar, from serious national political and military decisions to a plain nearly all the daily life, without exception, have been intervened and affected by the Golden Horde. In addition, the south-west Ross princes is also introduced a lot of Golden Horde governance rail system, and thus gradually set up a complete set of right to rail system and management system. Don't ya: this thought great disaster in Mongolia and the Golden Horde battle to tame the long-term rule brought to russia. But the exchange between the two nations is seen everywhere. Russian and Mongol soldiers often fought side-by-side, the Russian princes will Tatar wife married home, between the Russian salai and jungle long-range business often visible and so on. It is hard to measure the impact of the other Golden Horde on the growth of Russia, but it is obviously great. By the gold accounts of the country by the cultivation of the country, after the busy business, the main is also very great. We should see that the rule of the Golden Horde has brought great changes to Russia. Karamsin has said: "the great Khans belong to moscow". Kievan Rus is the basic of the city - country with princes, nobles, Weiche, Golden Horde ruled after the cessation of the southwestern Ross gradually muster the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The authoritarian regime. The public Moscow dictatorship attachment concentrate all capital continuously expand the land and eventually completed the same russian. Although the Golden Horde in the Grand Duchy of Moscow processes in Russia with a role is difficult to quantitative evaluation, but in the future expansion of the Moscow used many Tatar systems to enhance its own strength. In brief, the influence of Mongolia on Medieval Russia is diverse, complex and very weak. And on the basis of the Grand Duchy of Moscow eventually grew for the Tsarism, east to terminate teach serfdom and becomes the basic of modern Russian Empire. The focus of this paper is to elaborate on the impact of the Golden Horde of the West's authoritarian in Russia. In addition, northeast Ross is not ruled by the golden rule, which makes the southwest Ross and northeast Ross from the political differentiation gradually moving towards national differentiation. This is another focus of this article. This paper is divided into eight chapters: the first chapter, the Mongolia invasion and the Golden Horde, in addition to the whole history of the Golden Horde to do a brief introduction, but also with the introduction of the Mongolia invasion of the South Russian steppe. Second to the seventh chapter, from the people, social, political, economic, cultural, religious and other aspects of the specific analysis of the golden rule of the Khan's rule to the Medieval Russia brought the deep impact. In the eighth chapter, the conclusions of the paper are summarized in the paper, the influence of the various aspects of the Ross society in Mongolia, and the influence of the golden rule of the country on the rise of the Russian dictatorship. 目录: |
