| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 俄国处所自治有着奇特的汗青传统，从古罗斯到尼古拉一世时代，历代沙皇的改造事业都触及处所治理的改造。19世纪6、七十年月亚历山年夜二世的改造开启了处所自治成长的新阶段，它既是俄国处所自治的持续和成长，也是俄国古代化进程中处所行政治理轨制的一次主要摸索。此次改造是在工业化和农奴制改造的年夜配景下停止的。从沙皇当局的角度来看，处所自治改造就是要顺应工业化所带来的行政治理日趋庞杂化的请求，增强农奴制改造后对处所人员的掌握和治理，把它作为对贵族丧失农奴的一种赔偿，从而稳固现有的统治次序。而对于处所自治机构中的自在派运动家而言，俄语论文题目，处所自治是他们完成立宪平易近重要求的一个台阶。是以，在改造的全部进程中，一直存在着自在派运动家寻求社会准绳和沙皇、年夜贵族保护国度准绳两种改造偏向的奋斗。亚历山年夜二世时代，改造获得了必定的造诣，但到了亚历山年夜三世时代，涌现了对改造的革命，改造堕入了窘境，社会也处于缄默。1905年反动是一个转机点，处所自治机构逐步成为沙皇当局的否决派。十月反动后，年夜多半处所自治机构没有可以或许实时转化脚色，终究被苏维埃代替，沙皇体系体例下的俄国处所自治暂告一段落。沙皇当局在处所自治改造中碰到的各类成绩，其本源在于沙皇俄国的独裁体系体例。因为改造是沙皇自上而下停止的，弗成能依照自在派运动家的请求对社会停止变更，是以改造很不完全，俄语论文题目，其存在的抵触和成绩也一向没有获得处理。俄国的处所自治机构一向在争夺自力，但它一直是独裁体系体例下沙皇当局和处所当局的从属品，本身有力引诱国度走上平易近主立宪的途径，也没法承当推进俄国社会转型与政治成长的汗青义务。虽然如斯，处所自治改造对俄国的社会和政治生涯，特别是对俄国社会古代化转型发生了主要的作用。处所自治局所做的基本性任务对俄国社会工业化的成长、农业技巧程度的进步、文明教导的提高和医疗卫生前提的改良有主要意义。改造进步了俄国"介入处所事务的认识，付与平易近众介入处所自治的权力，激活了俄国社会的政治生涯，促使俄国赓续朝国民社会成长。十月反动固然中止了沙皇体系体例下处所自治的成长，但从俄国向国民社会成长的全体趋向来看，处所自治依然是需要的。是以，从某种意义上，研究19—20世纪初的俄国处所自治改造可使我们站在一个汗青的高度来审阅明天存在于俄罗斯国度的处所自治景象。本文从“处所自治”这一根本概念动手，商量了贯串改造一直的“集权”和 Abstract: Russian local self-government has a strange history tradition, from the ancient Rus to Nicholas era, tsars transformed a career hit the transformation of local governance. The 19th century 6, the transformation of the 1970s, Alexander II opened a new stage of growth of autonomy of the local, it is not only Russia place autonomous continues to grow and and the process of Russian Modernization local administrative governance rail system a mainly explored. The transformation is in the process of industrialization and the transformation of the system of the great king of the. From the point of view of the Tsarist authorities, local autonomy reform is to conform to the industrialization brought about by administrative governance increasingly complicated request, enhanced the serfdom reform of local personnel master and governance, the it as the loss of serfs in noble a compensation, thereby securing the existing order of domination. And on the freedom of the local autonomous institutions in the exercise of the home, the local autonomy is a step to complete the constitutional requirements of the people. Is to, in the transformation of the whole process, there has been a free school sports to seek the principle of the community and the country, the eve of the aristocracy to protect the country's principle of two kinds of transformation of the struggle. Alexander II era, transformation and achieved certain attainments, but to Alexander III era, emerge in large numbers to the transformation of the revolution, the transformation of falling dilemma and society was in silence. In 1905 the reaction was a turning point, the local self-government institutions gradually become the authority of the veto of the. After the October Revolution, most of the eve of the local self-government institutions can not perhaps real-time conversion of role, after all, was to replace the Soviet, the Tsar system style Russian local self-government temporarily paragraphs. All kinds of achievements in the transformation of the local government in the transformation of the local self-government, the origin of which is the autocratic system of the russian. Because the transformation is the top down from the top down, put into a free school in accordance with the request of the movement to change the community, is to transform the very incomplete, the existence of the conflict and the results have not been dealt with. Russian local self-government institutions always in the fight for independence, but it has been authoritarian system style Xiasha imperial authorities and local authorities is appurtenant article itself powerful lure country go on democratic constitutional way, did not bear advancing Russian social transformation and political development history of obligations. In spite of this, the transformation of the local autonomy has had a major impact on Russia's social and political career, especially in the transformation of Russian society in ancient times. The basic tasks of the Bureau of local self-government have the main significance to the development of the industrialization of Russian society, the improvement of the level of agricultural techniques, the improvement of civilization education and the improvement of medical and health conditions. Reform progress Russia "involved in local affairs, entrusted with the plain public intervention of the autonomy of the local power, the activation of the Russian society's political career, prompting Russian ceaselessly grow toward the national society. October revolution while suspended the Tsar system style Xiachu autonomous growth, but growth from Russia to national social all trend, local autonomy is still needed. Is to, from a certain sense, the study of the transformation of Russian premises in the early twentieth Century of 19 -, we can stand a high degree of history to review the presence of local autonomy in the Russian state of the scene. This paper from the basic concept of place autonomy "begin, to discuss the" centralization of power "has been through transformation and 目录: |
