| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 庄园作为俄国文明的一个奇迹，从16世纪初成长至今已有500多年的汗青。各个汗青阶段分歧类型的庄园一向点缀着俄国广袤的地盘：16世纪的庄园被称为“老爷的庄园”，是领主常居之地；17—18世纪上半期的退役贵族庄园重要是作为领主战时余暇时栖身之地；18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期的贵族庄园曾经具有了平常起居、经济事务和文明运动的综合功效；1861年改造后贵族庄园日趋衰落，俄语毕业论文，涌现年夜量的商人庄园；1990年月至今往日的贵族庄园年夜多曾经成为文明遗产保留之地。本文研究重点是18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期的贵族庄园。此时的贵族庄园已具有平常起居、经济事务和文明运动的综合功效，吸引各界文明人前往聚会会议、交换，反过去又增进了本地文明的成长。此时的贵族庄园曾经不只是“贵族之家”和文明策源地，并且是俄罗斯传统的生涯措施和经济运动措施的中间和文明运动的中间。本文从“庄园”的概念动手，梳理了俄国庄园从发生、成长直至式微的全进程，并对庄园成长的繁华阶段停止了重点剖析。详细包含五部门：第一部门，俄国贵族庄园的概念。经由过程剖析俄国粹者对“庄园”一词的词源的分歧熟悉和各个时代分歧学者对庄园的懂得，总结俄国贵族庄园的重要内容和特色。第二部门，俄国贵族庄园的成长过程。重要论述了俄国贵族庄园从发生、成长、繁华直到式微的全部成长过程，俄语论文题目，并总结了每一个时代俄国贵族庄园的重要特点。第三部门，18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期贵族庄园的修建风气与艺术。展示18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期贵族庄园奇特的修建理念和作风。第四部门，18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期贵族庄园的经济本能机能和平常生涯。总结了18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期俄国贵族庄园的经济特色：它是庄园内经济性修建实体所代表的经济，是一种花费性的经济，根本上知足贵族庄园外部生括的需求。展示了庄园外部生涯的详细画面。第五部门，18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期贵族庄园的文明功效。论述俄国贵族庄园的文明感化：它们是俄国文明遗产忠诚的守护者，是俄国文明流传的载体，是俄国人心灵的栖园。本文的立异的地方在于：在国际初次体系地阐述了俄国贵族庄园的发生、成长、繁华和式微的全进程，并侧重阐述18世纪下半期—19世纪上半期贵族庄园的三个重要本能机能：栖身本能机能、经济本能机能和文明功效。 Abstract: Manor as a miracle of Russian civilization, from the beginning of sixteenth Century growth has been 500 years of history. In different historical stages of different types of manor has been dotted with Russia's vast territory: the 16th century manor house is known as the "Lord of the manor, Lord Chang Ju; 17 - 18 century semi retired aristocratic manor is as lords of wartime spare shelter. During the last half of the 18th century half - 19th century half of the aristocratic manor had comprehensive effects of daily living, economic affairs and cultural activities; transformation in 1861 after aristocratic manor became to decline, the emergence of a large number of businessmen manor; the 1990s has old aristocratic manor Nianye have become cultural heritage preservation. This paper focuses on the second half of the eighteenth Century, during the first half of nineteenth Century aristocratic manor. The comprehensive effect has the usual aristocratic manor living, economic affairs and sports civilization, civilized people from all walks of life to attract meetings, exchange, and improve the local civilization against the past growth. At this time of the aristocratic manor was not just "aristocracy" and civilization cradle and Russia's traditional way of life and the economic movement method of intermediate and cultural activities. This article from the "estate" concept, combing the Russian manor from occurrence and growth of the whole process until the decline, stop focusing on the analysis and the growth stage of the bustling manor. Detailed contains five parts: the first part, the concept of Russian aristocratic manor. Through analysis of the process of Russian scholars of the word "manor" the etymology of disagreement familiar and of all ages differences scholars of the manor of know, summarize the important content and characteristic of Russian aristocratic manor. The second sector, the growth process of the Russian aristocratic manor. Discusses the Russian aristocratic manor from the occurrence, growth and prosperity until the decline of the whole development process, and summarizes the important characteristics of each period of Russian aristocratic manor. The third sector, the second half of the eighteenth Century, during the first half of nineteenth Century aristocratic manor atmosphere and art building. Show the second half of the eighteenth Century, during the first half of nineteenth Century aristocratic manor peculiar architectural concept and style. The fourth sector, the second half of the eighteenth Century, during the first half of nineteenth Century aristocratic manor economic function and daily life. During the last half of the 18th century half - 19th century half Russian aristocratic manor economy characteristics are summarized: it is manor economy construction entities represent economic, is a cost of economic, basically satisfy aristocratic manor exterior including demand. The picture shows the detailed manor external career. The fifth sector, half - civilization effect during the first half of nineteenth Century aristocratic manor in eighteenth Century. This Russian aristocratic manor cultural influences: they are Russian heritage loyal guardian, is the carrier of Russian civilization spread, Russian soul garden. Place of innovation of this paper lies in: in the first system on the Russian aristocratic manor, growth, prosperous and decline of the whole process, and focuses on the 18th century half - 19th century half of the aristocratic manor three important functions: Live instinct function, economic instinct function and cultural function. 目录: |
