Russia is the world financial history, financial history and inorganic constituent, the growth process in European and American financial industry, has very peculiar characteristics. In nineteenth Century, the world financial industry growth of the golden era, on the Russian speaking, the same experienced historical changes in the old and new financial system, fighting, reconstruction and national modernization process accelerated the evolution of Russia's financial sector. 1860 1917 is the Russian financial industry in the history of the main growth stage, the Russian social and economic life of this era has created a lot of serious historical issues. The financial system changes as the main line, and placed in a Russian capitalist growth of the eve of the historical context, and further explore the various stages of the financial industry coherent elements and links of the growth and evolution, 1860 years ago Russia's reputation, 1860 National Bank and the establishment of gold financial system reconstruction, currency and rail system and transformation, St. Petersburg business the birth and growth of do history back, and to get rid of serfdom in 1861, to national bank moving focus of new financial system for the completion of the kingdom of the ancient industry and instinct function of cast sufficient sense of analyze and summarize. It can be said that the Russian industrialization measures along with the vigorous development of national banks and other credit institutions, they are not only in number, and the supply of financial services is also increasingly diverse varieties. The financial system after the transformation, Russia completed the historic Passover, the financial system is increasingly perfect, capital equipment and application effect of steady progress. Russian authorities have continuously strengthened legal system of business bank, business support efforts, on the one hand to ensure that their legitimate rights and interests, on the other hand trying to through process must be the legal framework for the implementation of regulation, on the basis of the economic operation state timely adjust monetary and credit policy, stable price, for the completion of industrialization and transformation of the superior invention shows the authorities of the country's economic life of active intervention and for credit institutions strict master. This paper is divided into six parts: introduction briefly describes the topics of historical significance and practical significance, and on domestic and foreign research present situation has carried on the summary, illustrates the paper on the research method, research ideas and innovation and the lack of places. The first chapter traces the process form before 1860 Russian reputation with the late official bank system. The Russian banking system constitutes a big year night in europe. The earliest credit institutions took place in the middle of the 18th century, 1754 established aristocratic deposit taking banks and merchants bank deposits, in 1769, in Moscow and St. Petersburg separation opened a bank to exchange the bills, 1786, the two banks merged established national banknote issuance of bank, in the same year, has also set up a dedicated to noble supply long-term deposits of country bank deposits, 1817 opened national commercial bank, for the financing of commercial trade, industry and trade to boost growth. In addition, and palace Tingyin experts and some with international financial circles dealings intimate private bank dynamic supply of trade and business credit service and served as foreign financial business. This time the bank greatly "the court of Queen" means, the Russian experts in economic history known as the "official bank". In nearly a century of growth process and international economic life gengxu growth change, therefore the financial industry is in ceaselessly make adjust accordingly, in order to adapt to the needs of the new economic situation. The second chapter involving state banks and financial system reconstruction results. The 19th century late 50 years to 60 years earlier this month is Russian big knife broad axe transforming time, it to the country's financial system brought great changes. Came into being in the National Bank, carrying the revival of the plain near family economy, promotion business smooth forehead, transfers, and established stable currency and smooth of the financial system and historical mission is authorities and the Ministry of finance economic policy, financial policy and carry out the performer. By the eve of a commercial bank, the issuance of bank to at the beginning of the 20th century growth for the Russian real "mother of the bank". It can be said that Russian capitalist growth process along with the new country financial system establishment and the vigorous growth, credit institutions not only the number, and a ladder, collection and dissemination for national economic construction, social class differences of personage to offer a variety of financing credit to do anything. The third chapter entitled the evolution of currency system. This chapter briefly recall the since the 16th century Russian previous major currency reform history and analysis of the history of currency rail system and its transformation characteristics and of divergence time, Russia's monetary policy, and faithfully finance ministers to pay to try to stop summary exposition. Frequent foreign big fight, wantonly expand the land is one of the obvious characteristics of Russian history evolution. Combat consumed a large amount of money, a state budget is often in the deficit, currency serious appreciation, authorities on the basis of the economic running state continuously adjust monetary and credit policy, after the implementation of the wartime inflation of the currency reform, currency and price is steady to for the country's economic growth invention excellent situation. The fourth chapter focuses on the performance of the banking capital investment and coherent national economic construction. Reactionary before 50 years time, Russia's financial industry follow international economic increase ceaselessly forward growth strong, bank network construction has Chen scale, and various types of banks and credit institutions actively integrate into the kingdom of the ancient economic tide, the citizen economy each part of the supply of financial credit service and adequate display function and role. National Bank and real estate mortgage bank dynamic landowners, farmers and urban provide the residents with low interest concessional long-term deposits, satisfied they of capital demand. National Bank also vigorously helped agricultural industrial and commercial food needs, this gave certain preferential policies. In addition, attachment continuously injected into the treasury funds and private funds, national bank directly to modern industry large range of financing, broaden the channels of credit, and force of the eve of the supply of funds helped joint-stock commercial bank and other business expansion, since the beginning of the 20th century, National Bank has as the central Bank of the Russian cast to the function and role. In the railway construction, stock commercial banks cannot work without. They are actively involved in the issue of Railway Bonds placement tasks, turnover to the private railway company supply funds. Close contact the Russian authorities and big Oriental bankers and banks can be traced back to eighteenth Century. 19th century since that followed the Russian industrialization to promote, this kind of contact is more and more rigorous, the former finance minister indefatigable effort, their capital to deposits and other forms stream ceaselessly into Russia, medium joint-stock commercial banks to the important role of bridge. The fifth chapter is about the establishment and growth of Ebang exchange performance. Ebang exchange history of the growth of the source to Peter Nianye in 1703 announced a decree that mimic meantime Europe's most famous Amsterdam business place of business Russian Xindu opened the first Ebang exchange. From 1703 to 1913, more than 2 centuries of time, Russian business goods were set up about 90 home business, these business are important to engage in commodity business. Unlike European countries, the St Petersburg exchange futures business is still insufficient and vigorous. In addition to commodity business, St Petersburg, Moscow, Odessa and other business are also engaged in securities business, but it still has a great difference with Western europe. Reality, Russia in fact, there is no professional securities business, just in 1900, the country from the new legislation, the St. Petersburg business the transform, with the open securities department imposed under the strict supervision of the financial department. Nevertheless, from the beginning in the mid 19th century, private joint-stock companies and banks have securities speculation business in Russia has a wide range of growth, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the eve of the economic increase years the Ebang exchange with the speculative nature. In view of the important role that the Russian authorities in the past and tomorrow in the country's economic life as I thought, this paper is engaged in research work to adapt to the time request. From 1860 to 1917 in this historical period of Russian banking system evolution will help us understand the recall of Russian financial category change tomorrow, where this is the significance of this research. The innovation of this paper place so far, most of the people stay in after the collapse of the reorganization and change of Russia's financial reform and the credit policy, financial system, capital market establishment and growth, the banking legislation and on economic increase of probation performance research and on the Czarist financial industry state of development and influence on the country's economy less concern, considering the historical evolution of, I think, this paper not only has certain practical significance, is made to the international academic category useless make up. 目录: |
