| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 19世纪下半叶清是当局走向式微的时代。清当局“亲俄”政策的构成既有清当局自己的缘由，也有内部前提的作用。俄国作为中国最年夜的邻国和侵犯中国的重要列强，一边抓紧侵犯中国的年夜片国土，一边饰演中国盟友“救世主”的脚色。而近代国度主权概念茫然蒙昧的清当局，为了保护本身的平安不吝出卖国度平易近族好处，俄国的侵华政策对清当局的交际政策发生了伟大的作用。中日甲午战斗后，受三国干预还辽的作用，清当局对外由本来的“亲英”转向“亲俄”，一度构成了“仇日、疏英、联俄、亲俄”的局势。这类“亲俄”政策的存在和成长，被俄国运用，对清当局停止威胁欺骗，一步步加深了对中国的侵犯。跟着俄国对中国侵犯加深，国人逐步熟悉到俄国的伪善和野心，摈弃了对俄国的理想，随之鼓起了广泛抵抗俄国的谈吐和行为。处所督抚年夜员除李鸿章外，刘坤1、张之洞等都逐步摈弃了对俄国的理想，俄语专业论文，开端主意果断抵抗俄国侵犯；中基层平易近众对俄国的抵抗一向都比拟果断；清当局驻外公使也积极与地点国的内部交涉，请其代中国向俄国调处；而此时英、日、德、美等列强之间的关系正在停止新的分化与组合，它们根据本身的好处，俄语毕业论文，赓续调剂对中国和俄国的战略。俄国的侵犯和上述各类力气配合推进了清当局由“亲俄到疏俄”政策的嬗变。 Abstract: In the lower part of the nineteenth Century, the Qing Dynasty was the era of the authorities to decline. The constitution of the pro Russian policy of the Qing authorities not only has its own reasons, but also has the influence of internal conditions. Russian as China's largest neighbor and violations of China's important powers, side to seize the invasion of China of the eve of the land, while plays the role of a Chinese ally "savior". And the modern nation sovereignty concept vacant ignorance of the Qing government, in order to protect the safe liberal betraying the Kingdom plain near family benefits, the Russian invasion policy of Qing government communication policy occurred great influence. After the Sino Japanese War, by the intervention of the three kingdoms also influenced the Liao, the Qing Government Foreign by the original "loyalist" to "Pro Russian, once constituted the" enemy day, Shu Ying, alliance with Russia, pro Russian "situation. The existence and development of this kind of "Pro Russian" policy has been used by Russia to stop the threat of fraud and to deepen the invasion of China. Follow Russia to the Chinese invasion deepening, Chinese people gradually become familiar with to Russia's hypocrisy and ambition, abandon the ideals of Russia's and subsequently summoned the popular resistance Russian style of conversation and behavior. District governors staff Nianye except Li, Kun, Zhang Zhidong, are gradually abandoning the ideals of Russia's, beginning idea decisively against invasion of Russia; grassroots peoples of Russian resistance always match decisively; envoys of Qing government also actively with the country of location of the internal representations, please the generation of Chinese to Russian mediation; and at the same time the relationship between the great powers of Britain, Japan, Germany, the United States and other is stopping the new differentiation and combination, they according to their own benefits, continuously adjust strategy to China and Russia. Russia's invasion and the above all kinds of efforts to promote the Qing authorities from the pro Russian to Russia and the evolution of policy. 目录: 中文摘要 3-4 英文摘要 4 引言 6-14 一、探讨近况 7-9 二、资料收集情况 9-10 三、探讨意义 10-11 四、写作思路、创新与不足 11-14 第一章 清政府“亲俄”政策形成的外部条件 14-24 1.1 维特经济和平的侵华政策 14-19 1.2 英法美等国对日本的袒护 19-21 1.3 俄国客观上对清政府的援助 21-24 第二章 清政府“亲俄”政策的确立与发展 24-39 2.1 国内舆论推动 24-31 2.2 攻守同盟—政策确立 31-34 2.3 以俄制德—政策发展 34-37 2.4 内部政策变化及评析 37-39 第三章 清政府由“亲俄到疏俄”政策的嬗变 39-80 3.1 中俄矛盾激化 39-40 3.2 督抚言论左右 40-54 3.3 拒俄运动制约 54-66 3.4 驻外公使斡旋 66-73 3.5 英美日法作用 73-80 第四章 清政府“疏俄”政策及其外交走向 80-86 4.1 “疏俄”政策及其表现 80-83 4.2 “疏俄”后的外交走向 83-86 结语 86-91 参考文献 91-96 附录 96-97 后记 97-98 |
