| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 中东铁路是俄国运营东三省的主要标记。光绪二十六年，中国产生义和团事项，俄国乘铁路遭损坏之机，派军占领东三省。既而以此为威胁，提出刻薄的合同，钳制清廷签署以换取俄国的撤兵。俄国的举措惹起英、日等国的不安，特别是日本，是以向中国提出正告，俄语论文题目，并以瓜分相威逼，阻拦订约。对此，国际看法也纷歧致。掌管交涉的李鸿章担忧拒约会惹起俄国与中国破裂，主意与之即刻订约。而刘坤1、张之洞等西北督抚起而要求清廷拒约，俄语毕业论文，认为此约订则东三省无异为俄人一切，列强必群起瓜分。这一派人又深受英、日之作用，持论更果断。两边争持不下。盛宣怀向清廷提出一个中央性的建议，以为可以借列强之干预，将条目删改妥善以后，即与俄国订立，认为分身之地。这成为清廷的根本对策，固然仍有过游移。条目由俄国作了一次不充足的修正，但列强仍未满足，仍然正告中国不要画押。清廷乞助列强有望，终究在表里压力之下，谢绝在约稿上画押。交涉至其中断。 Abstract: The Middle East Railway is the main mark of Russian northeast operations. Guangxu twenty-six years, the Russian Chinese produced by railway matters, damaged the machine, sent troops occupied manchuria. Then as a threat, the mean of the contract, the signing of the Russian clamp in exchange for withdrawal. Russia's move caused Britain, Japan and other countries uneasy, especially in Japan, is in China to warn and to carve up coercion, stop contracting. In this regard, the international view is also divergent. In charge of negotiation Li Hongzhang worried that Russia and China refused to date cause rupture, and immediate contracting idea. And Kun, Zhang Zhidong, northwest of the governors and request the court refusing, think about the book is the northeast is tantamount to Russian people all powers have rallied together to carve up. These groups have been influenced by Britain and Japan, hold more decisive. Just stuck on both sides. Sheng Xuanhuai to the Qing court a central recommendations that can borrow powers of intervention, will entry deletion properly after that and the Russian concluded, avatar to think. This became the fundamental countermeasures of Qing government, although still have been wandering. Entry by Russian made an insufficient correction, but the powers have not been met, still not signed Chinese warning. The court is expected to eventually help powers in the table, under pressure, it declined in the manuscripts on. Negotiate to its interrupt. 目录: 论文摘要 6-7 Abstract 7-8 绪论 10-15 一、选题之背景 10-11 二、探讨近况与本文目标 11-15 第一章 俄占东三省 15-28 一、俄军进占东三省及其公开态度 15-19 二、增阿“暂章”与监理准则 19-22 三、国际社会的反应与国内人士的判断 22-28 第二章 交涉的开端 28-42 一、李鸿章在京交涉与清廷授命杨儒 28-32 二、“暂章”的作废 32-34 三、清廷的疑虑与致俄国书 34-37 四、东南督抚与盛宣怀的举动 37-42 第三章 从改约到拒约：第一阶段 42-70 一、列强的警告 42-44 二、俄国交出正约 44-46 三、清廷确立应对方针 46-49 四、双轨并行：请人调停与修改俄约 49-55 五、李鸿章再催画押及其争论 55-60 六、东南督抚与列强的互动 60-70 第四章 从改约到拒约：第二阶段 70-102 一、杨儒奏呈改稿及其态度 70-72 二、清廷的困境 72-75 三、奉旨筹策 75-84 四、清廷“请全权定计”与杨儒之处境 84-87 五、波澜再起与廷意转变 87-95 六、交涉的中断 95-102 结论 102-105 参考文献 105-106 |
