| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 斯托雷平改造是在平易近族掉败、反动如火如荼的配景下睁开的,原意是想停止体系体例性的改造,使俄国从相对君主制走向君主立宪制,全方位成长本钱主义,完成俄国的古代转型。因为各种庞杂的缘由,改造遭致掉败。但是斯托雷平改造内容触及之广、作用之深,在俄国近代汗青上具有非常主要的位置。限于篇幅和研究才能,本文重要环绕农业改造来停止研究和剖析。本文从俄国开启古代化这个年夜配景动身,并在贯串古代化普世性与特别性(即世界时光与汗青时光)契合的理路视阈下,对斯托雷平改造的配景、过程停止梳理,由此来剖析和总结此次改造给俄国古代化过程带来的作用和改造破产的各种缘由。论文根本思绪是：绪论重要引见了本文的选题缘起及意义,对国际外对于斯托雷平改造的文献停止了较为体系的概述,同时也引见了本文的研究办法和写作思绪；第一章,重要论述1861年农奴制改造后,农人经济和农人分化状态,和其时社会阶层构造的变更,从中提醒农奴制改造的不完全使得俄国古代化过程非常的弯曲曲折；第二章,论述斯托雷平改造思惟构成的汗青配景、改造的重要内容及其过程和状态；第三章侧重从国际国际政治情势和互相抵触的党派思惟、尼古拉二世的立场、村社传统、农人阶级和移平易近成果来略论改造掉败的缘由；第四章从村社成长、移平易近活动和农人状态等方面剖析斯托雷平改造给俄国古代化过程带来的积极感化和消极作用;最初结语,以为斯托雷平改造是俄国走向古代化的必定之举,也是俄国走向工业社会的划定性阶段,然则这类沙皇政体主导下的一切党派否决的改造形成了社会转型的逝世结,只要用反动的白,能力将其斩开,从而也作用了后来布尔什维克引导的古代化途径选择。 Abstract: Stolypin reform in ethnic off king with a failure, as well as reactionary in full swing open, original intention is to stop the transformation of systems of Russia from the relative monarchy to constitutional monarchy, the all-round growth of capitalism, to complete the transformation of the ancient Russian. Because of a variety of reasons, the transformation was caused by failure. But the content of Stolypin's transformation involves a wide and deep influence, which has a very important position in the modern history of Russia. Limited space and research ability, this paper focuses on agricultural transformation to stop the discussion and analysis. This paper from the Russian open ancient the entourage of the eve of the start, and in perforative ancient universal and special (i.e. time and world history time fits logic from the perspective, of the Stolypin reform background, process carding, thus to analyze and summarize the transformation brings to the process of Russian Modernization of influence and transform the bankruptcy of all sorts of reasons. The basic train of thought is: the introduction mainly introduces the background and significance of the research in this paper, the domestic and international literature on the Stolypin transformation outlined more system, and also introduces the research methods and ideas in writing; the first chapter discusses the important transformation of serfdom in 1861 after the farmer economy and farmers differentiation state, and society at that time class structure changes from serfdom remind transformation not completely makes modern Russia very tortuous process of bending; the second chapter, the content and weight of process and state to the historical background, discusses Stolypin's thinking of the transformation of the transformation; the third chapter from the international political situation and party ideology, conflicting Nicola II the position of the village, the traditional peasant class, and immigration results to analyze the failure reasons of the transformation; the fourth chapter from the village development, immigration Activities of farmers and the state of analysis of the Stolypin reform to the process of Russian modernization brings positive effect and negative influence; the initial conclusion that Stolypin reform is Russia to the ancient must move and Russian to delineate the phase of industrial society, however the Tsarist regime dominated by all parties rejected the transformation formed social transformation the death of nodes, as long as the reactionary white, ability will be the cut open, which also affected the ancient way of later Bolshevik guided selection. 目录: 摘要 2-3 Abstract 3-4 绪论 7-12 一、选题的缘起及其意义 7 二、国内外相关探讨近况 7-11 三、探讨措施与论文思路 11-12 第一章 农业问题与俄国现代化进程 12-26 一、1861年改革后的俄国农业问题及其对现代化进程的作用 12-19 1. 加速农民分化 12-13 2. 农业资本主义发展的普鲁士道路 13-15 3. 俄国社会阶级结构的变化 15-19 二、俄国现代化进程曲折坎坷 19-26 1. 农奴制改革不彻底引发的社会问题 19-21 2. 社会现代转型出现悖论状态 21-23 3. 农奴制改革对俄国现代化进程的作用 23-26 第二章 斯托雷平改革的内容与实施 26-50 一、斯托雷平改革思想的形成 26-32 1. 维特的农村改革 26-28 2. 1905--1907年俄国资产阶级民主革命 28-30 3. 斯托雷平的个人经历及其对农民问题的认识 30-32 二、斯托雷平改革 32-44 1. 斯托雷平改革的法学基础 32-35 2. 破坏农民村社,发展富农经济 35-39 3. 移民政策的执行 39-44 三、围绕土地改革的相关方法 44-50 1. 地方行政改革 44-46 2. 教育改革 46-49 3. 税收改革 49-50 第三章 斯托雷平改革的破产及其原因探寻 50-62 一、国内外复杂的政治形势 50-55 1. 专制制度本身的不容 50-51 2. 所有党派之间的抵牾 51-53 3. 国际局势的笼罩 53-55 二、村社传统与资本主义现代化的冲突 55-59 1. 土地改革未能消灭农奴制的根基 55-57 2. 农民独立经营受阻 57 3. 忽略推进国家工业化 57-59 三、移民运动存在的问题 59-62 1. 移民资金和土地规划资金不足 59-60 2. 立法机构的表面文章 60 3. 对西伯利亚土著居民土地的侵占 60-62 第四章 斯托雷平改革对俄国现代化进程的作用 62-75 一、对俄国现代化进程的积极影响 62-67 1. 突破村社束缚,促进农业发展 62-64 2. 刺激工业和交通运输业发展 64-66 3. 促进东部资本主义的发展 66-67 二、对俄国现代化进程的消极作用 67-75 1. 农民阶层的抵制和反抗 68-69 2. 移民运动致使阶级矛盾日益激化 69-71 3. 走向村社复兴的道路 71-75 结语 75-78 致谢 78-79 参考文献 79-85 答辩委员会签名 85 |
