| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文题目，下载原文正常，俄语毕业论文，内容请直接查看目录。） 城市自治是处所自治的主要表示情势,也是国民社会成长的基本。俄国的城市改造是从18世纪初开端的,彼得一世把城市机构作为国度权要机构的构成部门,现实上还谈不上城市自治。宫庭政变时代(1725-1762年)俄国的城市机构没有多年夜转变。到叶卡捷琳娜二世时代,受欧洲发蒙思惟的作用,她在1766年召集立法委员会编辑法典,为此而公布的“训谕”就是发蒙思惟鼓舞下的产品。她于1775年开端停止省级体系体例改造,为后来的城市自治改造做好了铺垫。到1785年叶卡捷琳娜二世公布《城市束缚圣旨》,俄国的城市自治获得了本质性停顿。1785年《城市束缚圣旨》重要内容包含：城市条例、城市居平易近和城市公社章程及公社好处、城市居平易近簿订定及弥补条例、城市居平易近前提的根据、城市居平易近的小我好处、商人行会及商人行会好处、行会好处、本国与外市人、权贵的好处、工商区的好处、城市支出、城市公共杜马及六议员杜马。甚么是城市,谁应当被视为城市居平易近,城市公社人员由谁构成,若何能力成为城市居平易近,六议员杜马与公共杜马、市政厅与拉杜沙的关系,城市警员署的职责,手工业者的权益及责任,手工业行会的组成及感化等一系列成绩获得处理。在守旧的“开通独裁”①思惟的作用下,这类城市自治是叶卡捷琳娜二世对城市居平易近作出的无限妥协,与贵族比拟,城市居平易近享有的权益还不充足,与彼得一世时代比拟,城市仍然没有转变对国度的附属性,城市公社、六议员杜马、城市警员署依然遭到国度的作用,只是这类作用明显弱化了很多。城市各阶级之间的差别依然比拟显著,特殊表示在城市公社的划分和城市公共杜马代表的好处上……不外,俄国的城市自治究竟迈出了本质性一步,城市开端具有法人位置,城市自治开端涌现。机构治理上,构成了以城市公社、城市公共杜马及六议员杜马、市长为代表的自治机制；经济上,国度敌手工业行会、商人和小市平易近的经济好处停止掩护；社会次序上,六议员杜马和城市警员署尽力为城市居平易近发明方便的生涯前提,关怀他们的亲身好处。总之,叶卡捷琳娜二世的城市自治,以立法情势确立了城市及其居平易近的好处,成了社会抵触的缓冲器,稳固了俄国的独裁君主政体,为工贸易的成长与繁华发明了一个绝对稳固的政治情况。本论文共分为三个章节。第一章重要讲述俄国城市自治的配景,分为两部门。第一部门是俄国城市自治的根据--马格德堡法,马格德堡法在14-17世纪的东北罗斯部门城市施展感化(此时东北罗斯属于波兰-立陶宛管辖),成为彼得一世城市改造的基本。第二部门是彼得一世和“宫庭政变”时代的城市改造,重要贯彻的是国度准绳。作为西欧处所自治机构的市政厅在俄国现实上成为国度机构的一部门,宫庭政变时代的城市改造也只是彼得政策的延续,并未发生多年夜变更。第二章重要阐述1785年之前叶卡捷琳娜二世停止城市自治改造的步调、详细办法、感化。第三章侧重剖析了1785年城市束缚圣旨的内容,并对其停止了整体评价。俄国的城市自治有了本质性停顿。 Abstract: Urban autonomy is the main form of local autonomy, and it is also the basic of the national social development. Russia's transformation of the city from the beginning of eighteenth Century, Peter I have the city agency as a national authority to the organization of the Department, in fact, not yet on the city's autonomy. Palace of the era of the coup (1725-1762) Russia's urban institutions did not change over the years. To Catherine II era, influenced by the European Enlightenment thought, she in 1766 convened Legislative Council edit code, this released "injunction" is illuminative thoughts inspired by products. She started in 1775 to stop the transformation of the provincial system, for the subsequent transformation of the city's autonomy to pave the way. In 1785 Ekaterina II announced the "city bound" imperial city, autonomous Russia achieved substantial pause. In 1785 the city bound decree "contains: city regulations, urban residents near and urban commune articles of association and community benefits, urban population plain near Book enactment and compensate for the regulations, urban habitat benefits of plain near the premise according to, near the city Ju Pingyi personal interests, merchant guilds and merchants guild benefits, benefits of the guild, domestic and foreign markets, the powerful benefits, business district, city expenditures, urban public Duma and six members of the Duma. What is the city, who should be considered for urban residents, the urban commune personnel constituted by who and how to become urban residents, six members of the Duma and Duma public, city hall and the Radusa, city police department duties, handicraft industry of rights and responsibility, handicraft guilds composition and role of a series of results obtained. In old-fashioned "open dictatorship" thinking under, the autonomy of the city is Catherine II of urban residents to make unlimited compromise. Compared with the aristocracy, urban residents enjoy the rights and interests is not sufficient, analogy and Peter era, city is still no change to the country's subsidiary, urban commune, six members of the Duma, city police department was still a country, just this kind of influence significantly weakened a lot. The difference between different classes of the city is still relatively significant, special representation on the benefits of urban communes division and urban public Duma representatives... However, Russia's urban autonomy has taken a substantial step, the beginning of the city with a corporate position, the city began to emerge. Institutions of governance, to urban commune, urban public Duma and six members of the Duma, mayor on behalf of the autonomous mechanism; economically, the country rival guilds, merchants and small plain near the economic benefits stop cover; the order of society, six members of the Duma and the city police officials try to urban residents near invention convenient career premise, caring for their own benefits. Anyway, Catherine II of the autonomy of the city, to legislative situation established urban and plain near the benefits of home, into the buffer of social conflict, solid Russian autocratic monarchy and created a relatively stable political situation for trade and industry development and prosperity. This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is about the background of the Russian city autonomy, which is divided into two parts. In the first part, it is Russia the autonomy of the city according to the Magdeburg law, Magdeburg in 14-17 century northeast sector rose city display effect (at the same time, the Northeast Ross belongs to the jurisdiction of the Polish Lithuanian) become Peter a world urban transformation of the basic. The second sector is the transformation of the city Peter and "palace coup" era, the country is an important implement principle. As the city hall of Western Europe in the city hall in Russia has actually become a department of national institutions, the era of the palace coup in the era of transformation of the city is only a continuation of the Peter policy, has not changed for many years. The second chapter describes the importance of the reform of Ekaterina II before 1785 to stop the pace of transformation of urban autonomy, detailed measures, probation. The third chapter focuses on the analysis of the 1785 city bound decree content, and carries on the overall evaluation. Russia's urban autonomy has a substantial pause. 目录: |
