| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 因为特别的地缘和汗青文明身分，伏特加一向在俄国社会中占领侧重要位置，也招致了自16世纪以来的平易近众酗酒成绩，至今难以处理。尼古拉二世时代，俄语论文网站，因为酗酒带来的很多社会弊端，俄语专业论文，俄国鼓起了一场自觉性的反酗酒活动，活动由中上阶级的社会精英提议，重要面向酗酒绝对广泛的底层平易近众，军政政府、宗教人士和其他社会精英接踵介入。当局成立了公共苏醒监视会提倡平易近众过量喝酒，同时确保由国度垄断的酒发卖税收不受作用；军方为了包管高效的战斗发动和壮大的作战才能，慢慢破除了传统的伏特加配给轨制；在各个地域，包含处所显要、东正教教士、大夫等群体在内的社会精英纷纭构成了分歧条理的禁酒协会，发动一切力气催促人们坚持苏醒。终究在第一次世界年夜战的催化下，沙皇于1914年8月公布了战时酒精发卖禁令。从政策方面看，1914年禁酒令的公布意味着反酗酒活动获得了阶段性的胜利，但对于宽大的俄公民众而言，酗酒之风未减涓滴，一向作为一个社会恶疾延续至今。值得留意的是，在反酗酒活动的进程中，介入个中的各个社会群体在宣扬戒酒之外，也将本身的权力诉求付诸个中，终究，禁酒的主题反而埋没在普遍的国民认识觉悟和社会权力诉求中，尔后二者在潜移默化中推进了俄国社会的成长。 Abstract: Because of the special geographical and historical and cultural identity, vodka has always occupied an important position in the Russian community, but also led to the public since sixteenth Century, the public's achievements, it is difficult to deal with. Nicholas II era, because alcoholism has a lot of social ills, Russia summoned a consciousness of anti alcohol activities, by the upper class elite proposal, important for alcohol absolute extensive plain bottom of a public and military government, religious and other agencies will elite involved in rapid succession. Authorities set up to monitor public awakening will advocate plain nearly all drink to excess, while ensuring that the wine by the state monopoly of the hair to sell for tax is not affected; military in order to ensure efficient fighting launch and expansion of the combat ability, slowly get rid of the traditional vodka rationing rail system; in each domain, contains a prominent place, Orthodox priest, doctor and other groups, including the social elite diverse constitute the different levels of temperance society, mobilize all strength urged people to stay awake and. After all, in the first World War by the tsar, on August 1914 announced the sale of alcohol in wartime ban. From the aspects of policy, 1914 ban Jiuling published means anti alcohol activities to get the victory in the stage, but for large Russian citizens, drinking unabated trickle down, always as a social malady continues to this day. It is important to note is that in the process of anti alcohol activities, interventional medium of various social groups, promote abstinence outside, also will be the power demands into medium, after all, temperance themes instead buried in the common national understanding consciousness and social power demands, and later the two in imperceptible to promote the growth of Russian society. 目录: 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7 绪论 9-13 一．选题意义 9 二．探讨近况 9-11 三．探讨措施与本文结构 11-13 第一章 俄国酗酒问题的历史渊源 13-22 一．伏特加：俄罗斯民族的“生命之水” 13-19 二．尼古拉二世时期的民众饮酒概况 19-22 第二章 政府的反酗酒导向 22-34 一．国家公共清醒监督会的设立 22-24 二．城市公共监督会的活动 24-30 三．公共清醒监督会的成效 30-34 第三章 军队的反酗酒举措 34-47 一．日俄战争以前的军队反酗酒讨论 34-38 二．日俄战争失败带来的酗酒反思 38-41 三．1914 年禁酒令的出台及成效 41-47 第四章 东正教会的反酗酒策略 47-61 一．神职人员的酗酒问题 47-49 二．教士禁酒协会 49-54 三．东正教会的反酗酒努力 54-61 第五章 俄国民众的反酗酒总动员 61-77 一．文学界与反酗酒运动：以托尔斯泰为例 61-65 二．医疗界与反酗酒运动 65-71 三．民众的反酗酒活动 71-77 结语 77-80 参考文献 80-84 致谢 84-85 作者简介 85 |
