| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语专业论文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 近几年来,固然全球化、世俗化和古代化的过程在赓续加速,然则人们对传统宗教的兴致及需求也在赓续地增加。即便是在俄罗斯和中国如许的年夜国也存在也不破例。例如,20年前被以为行将消逝的原始社会宗教--萨满教,现在也正在中兴,并且惹起了学术界的高度看重。今朝,年夜多半研究萨满教的作品都是描述萨满教这类传统文明的中兴进程,只要多数研究人员在测验考试着去略论萨满教发生的社会配景及其成长身分,研究其在社会中的感化。本文重点剖析了萨满教中兴的缘由和进程,得出的结论重要是基于对布里亚特人的研究。这个生涯在俄罗斯和中国两个分歧国度的平易近族,却具有雷同的文明。假如我们可以或许比较已经具有雷同系统的宗教,然则后来在分歧的社会政治前提下而变得分歧,我们就可以够剖析出宗教是如何遭到社会的作用,和宗教自己又是如何作用社会成长的。本文共分为四个章节和一个结论。第一章重要阐述了选题的启事及意义,解释了对这个课题研究的实际意义,而且罗列了研究的实际与办法。本章中还总结了后人对该课题的相干研究,包含中国、俄罗斯和东方学者对于若何懂得萨满教,特别是布里亚特萨满教的相干研究。第二章重要剖析了生涯在俄罗斯的布里亚特人萨满教的成长进程。扼要陈说了布里亚特共和国的地舆、汗青、政治和经济情形,引见了1992年之前布里亚特的萨满教。本章重要讲述了萨满教的中兴和其现代状态,建议把传统萨满教的中兴景象和都会萨满教的成长景象分离对待。笔者具体描写了每一个演化进程的汗青、增进身分、缘由和特色,和萨满教在社会构造、城市和乡村情况中的感化、功效和位置。随后笔者得出结论,布里亚特共和国的萨满教不只走出了地下运动的状况,并且在价值体系危机及社会体系体例阑珊的配景下能成为新的社会轨制弗成朋分的一部门,从而有益于社会关系体系及认识形状基本的稳固。第三章重要评述了中国境内锡尼河布里亚特的萨满教,这些布里亚特人是1917年十月反动后从俄罗斯迁徙到中国境内的。笔者简略引见了锡尼河布里亚特的汗青和内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗的情形,布里亚特人今朝就栖身在这个地域。文平略论了这个地域萨满教的成长汗青和今朝现状。基于对萨满教徒的采访、对他们生涯和祭奠运动的不雅察、和对相干处所官员和本地人的访谈,笔者得出结论,在中国存在萨满教而且萨满教正在成长。但平日情形下并没有人如许说,由于从社会角度动身,萨满教是遭到排挤的。总的来讲,中国布里亚特人的萨满教游离于社会构造以外,成为一个疏散在平易近间的、个别的萨满教,没有主要的社会功效。第四章中,笔者基于对俄罗斯和中国布里亚特萨满教的中兴过程、古代成长状态及其在社会构造中位置的比较,得出了存在两种分歧类型萨满教的结论。他们的差别重要就在于他们与社会构造关系分歧。经由过程运用构造与反构造二分法停止剖析,笔者引入了两个新的概念--构造与反构造萨满教,具体剖析了这两种萨满教的发生机制和其成长进程,侧重描写了萨满教徒心中的宇宙不雅,人神分歧世界的存在,和这些世界之间的互相制约。萨满最根本的社会功效就是作为这些世界问的序言,担任保持它们之间的均衡。笔者发明作为体系自己的社会“胶囊化”以后,萨满教的位置产生了响应的变更,得出了萨满教边沿化和今朝在中国存在反构造萨满教的结论。本章的开头阐述了现代俄罗斯的情势,由社会构造和价值体系损坏惹起的萨满教非边沿化和从新取得社会组成主要部门的进程,和这类构造萨满教的特征。在结论部门中笔者强调,未来会对构造与反构造的萨满教有更周全、更深刻的研究,也愿望这些研究将会提醒萨满教与社会互相关系的特征。 Abstract: In recent years, although globalization, secularization and modernization process accelerate ceaselessly, however people of traditional religious interest and demand also in continuously increased. Even in Russia and Chinese such big country there is no exception. For example, 20 years ago is thought to dying of primitive society, religion, Shamanism, now also is ZTE and cause the academic circles highly valued. Currently, most of the eve of the study of Shamanism works are described Shamanism this kind of traditional civilization of ZTE process, as long as most researchers in test test to analysis of Shamanism of the social background and its growth status, discuss its in the social effect. This paper analyzes the reason and process of Shamanism ZTE, the conclusion is the important research on Buriats based on. This life in Russia and China's two different countries, but has a similar civilization. If we can have a similar system of religion, but later on the differences in social and political conditions and become divided, we can analyze how religion is influenced by society, and religion itself is how to affect social development. This paper is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter explains the reason and significance of choosing the topic, explains the practical significance of this research, and lists the practical and methods of the research. This chapter also summarizes the descendants of the subject of relevant research, including China, Russia and eastern scholars on how to understand the Shamanism, especially of Buryat Shamanism relevant research. The second chapter analyzes the important career in the Russian Buryat Shamanism growth process. Briefly explain the Buryat Republic of geography, history, political and economic situation, introduced the before 1992 Buryat Shamanism. This chapter important about the resurgence of Shamanism and the modern state, suggest the traditional Shamanism ZTE scene and Shamanism growth scene separation treatment. The author describes the every evolution history and enhance the status, causes and characteristics, and Shamanism in the social structure, urban and rural in the role, function and position. Then the author draws a conclusion, the Buryat Republic of Shamanism not only out of the underground movement, and in the context of recession in value system crisis and social systems can become new social track of Eph into friends, and is useful in social relations system and meet the shape the basic stable. Chapter three important comments on China Xini river of Buryat Shamanism and the Buryat is the revolution of October 1917 from Russia to migrate to China. I briefly introduce the Xini river of Buryat history and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hulunbeir Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Buryat people currently live just in this area. Wen Ping analyzed the regional development history and the present situation of shamanism. Based on interviews with the shaman, on their life and pay homage to the motion indecent, and interviews with local officials and local people of coherent, the author draws a conclusion, in China there Shamanism and Shaman is growing. But the situation was not as usual, because starting from the social point of view, Shamanism is ostracized in the. Generally speaking, China Buryat Shamanism free outside the social structure and become a evacuation in plain in between, individual Shamanism. There is no main effects on the society. In the fourth chapter, the author based on Russia and China Buryat Shamanism ZTE process, the ancient state of development and comparison between position in the social structure, it is concluded that the existence of two different types of Shamanism of conclusion. Their difference is that they have different social relations. Via the application structure and anti structure dichotomy to carry on the analysis, the author introduced the two new concepts, structure and anti structure Shamanism, specific analysis of the these two kinds of Shamanism of the occurrence mechanism and the growth process, focused on the description of the shaman in the heart of the universe and the existence of man and God divided the world, and the world between restrict each other. Shaman's most fundamental social function is to act as a preface to the world, to maintain the balance between them. The invention as his own system of social "Capsules" and the position of Shamanism produced in response to the change and that Shamanism marginalization and currently in China exist the conclusion of anti structural Shamanism. At the beginning of this chapter describes the situation of modern Russia, by the social structure and value system damage cause of Shamanism non edge and get the new society the important part of the process, and the structure of Shamanism features. In part, as a conclusion, the author stressed that in the future will be more comprehensive, more profound research on structure and anti structure of Shamanism and hopes these research will remind the characteristics of Shamanism and social relationships with each other. 目录: |
