| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 宪法是国度的基本法，是国度轨制的基本，是人权的保证书。宪法效率的施展除依附人们的自发遵照，还依附于宪法实行保证机制的完美。宪法监视轨制是宪法保证机制的主要构成部门，宪法法院轨制是世界上很多国度采取的宪法监视轨制形式。阅历了最高国度权利机关监视形式和宪法委员会监视形式的摸索，俄语论文题目，苏联崩溃后的俄罗斯联邦树立了宪法法院轨制，确立了专门机构实行宪法监视的形式。俄罗斯宪法法院轨制以国民主权、三权分立、人权保证、宪法至上为实际基本。俄罗斯宪法法院的权柄属于俄罗斯联邦司法权的一部门，其审理宪法案件以主动的过后审查为主，多是应其他国度机关要求征询或许国民诉愿作出结论性看法或许裁判。俄罗斯联邦宪法法院审理案件遵守宪法司法自力、个人决定、行动审理、地下审理、持续庭审、争辩准绳战争等准绳。俄罗斯宪法法院轨制下的宪法诉讼对于人权保证施展了积极的感化，俄语论文，然则国民提起宪法诉愿的前提和规模仍遭到严厉限制。我国曾经树立起中国特点的宪法监视轨制，然则宪法监视轨制的功效并未获得有用的施展。近年来的齐玉苓案等宪法事宜的产生和“立法无序景象”的涌现等，促令人们更多的存眷若何构建有用的宪法监视轨制。我国与前苏联曾同属与社会阵营国度，两国的政治司法轨制有很多类似的地方。是以自创俄罗斯宪法法院轨制树立和运转的经历和经验，对我国有用的宪法监视轨制的构建和完美具有主要的意义。本文侧重商量俄罗斯宪法法院轨制构成的配景、俄宪法法院轨制的内容、运转状况和存在的实际和理论成绩，并以此为参照思虑我国有用的宪法监视轨制的构建，详细分为以下几个章节停止阐述媒介部门概述了俄罗斯宪法法院轨制的概略。第一章重要论述俄罗斯联邦宪法法院轨制的构成，包含前苏联时代的宪法监视形式、俄罗斯联邦宪法法院的两度树立的汗青配景和社会前提。第二章论述了俄罗斯联邦宪法法院的组成，商量新旧《宪法法院法》对这些机构权限和任务法式的划定的变更和变更的缘由，阐述这些机构运转中碰到的实际和理论成绩。第三章论述了俄罗斯联邦宪法法院的司法位置和权柄，指出俄罗斯宪法法院行使的权柄属于联邦司法权的一部门。第四章研究俄罗斯宪法法院的法式准绳、法式轨制和个中存在的实际和理论成绩。俄罗斯宪法法院任务遵守自力、地下、对等、争辩、行动审理、个人决定准绳，然则对于国民提起对于宪法权力与自在掩护的诉讼前提照样比拟严苛。第五章重要总结俄罗斯宪法法院轨制相干实际争议和俄罗斯宪法法院轨制的缺乏。人们对于宪法法院决定属性一司法抑或立法一存在较年夜争议，由此招致对于宪法法院决定效率位阶的熟悉分歧。人们对于通俗司法机关实用司法文件在时的合宪性断定的权限也存在疑虑。第六章重要从比拟法律的角度商量我国宪法监视轨制与俄罗斯的相干轨制的接洽，和在我国树立有用的宪法监视轨制的需要性和能够性，评述与之相干的实际成绩。自创俄罗斯宪法法院轨制的经历和经验，联合我国的现实，论述我国有用的宪法监视轨制的构建。结语部门指出要容身我国国情，自创俄罗斯宪法法院轨制的经历和经验，构建我国有用的宪法监视轨制。 Abstract: The constitution is the basic law of the state and the basic of the state system and the guarantee of human rights. The efficiency of the Constitution in addition to the voluntary compliance with people, but also depends on the implementation of the constitution to ensure the perfect mechanism. Constitutional supervision system is the main component of the constitutional guarantee mechanism, and the constitutional court system is a form of constitutional supervision system which is adopted by many countries in the world. Experience the Supreme National Authority forms of surveillance and the Constitutional Council forms of surveillance of groping, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation set rail system of the constitutional court, establish the specialized agencies to implement the constitution surveillance form. Russia's constitutional court system to national sovereignty, separation of the three powers, human rights guarantee, the supremacy of the Constitution for the actual basic. The Russian constitution court authority belongs to a part of the jurisdiction in the Russian Federation the trial constitutional cases with active after the review, is other country authorities is required to seek advice or national appeal to make conclusions about the referee may. Russian Federation constitutional court to comply with the constitution of judicial independence, personal decisions, action hearing, the ground trial, continuing the trial, the principle of debate, such as the principle of war. Under the Russian constitution court system of the constitutional lawsuit about human rights guarantee exert positive effect, however, national filed premise and the scale of constitution petition has been severely restricted. China has set up the Chinese characteristics of the constitutional supervision system, but the effectiveness of the constitutional supervision system has not been useful to display. In recent years, Qi Yuling case constitutional matters produce legislation disorder scene ", the emergence and promote make people more concern how to construct a useful constitution surveillance system. China and the former Soviet Union have both belong to the community and the country, the two countries have many similar political and judicial system. It is the experience and experience of establishing and running the Russian constitutional court system, which is of great significance to the construction and perfection of the useful constitution surveillance system in our country. This paper focuses discuss Russian Constitutional Court rail consists of the background, the Russian constitution court system of rail, operation condition and the existence of practical and theoretical achievements, and taking the opportunity according to consider China's useful constitution surveillance system construction, detail for the following chapters on the media section outlines the compendium of Russian constitution court system. The first chapter discusses the constitution of the Russian Federation constitutional court system, including the former Soviet era constitution monitoring form, the Russian Federation constitutional court twice set up the historical background and social conditions. The second chapter discusses the composition of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, to discuss between the new and the old constitutional court act "of the authority and the task of French to delineate the change and change reason on encountered in the operation of these institutions of practical and theoretical achievements. The third chapter discusses the judicial position and the authority of the Russian Federation constitutional court, and points out that the right of the Russian constitutional court is a part of the federal judicial power. The fourth chapter discusses the principles of the Russian constitutional court, the French system and the practical and theoretical results. Russia's Constitutional Court mission to comply with independence, underground, peer, debate, action, action, personal decision criterion, but on the people to bring about constitutional rights and freedom of the cover of the litigation is still relatively harsh. The fifth chapter is the summary of the Russian constitutional court system and the lack of the system of the Russian constitutional court system. People on the constitutional court decided to attribute a judicial or legislative there is a greater controversy, which led to the court decided to determine the efficiency of the order of the differences. People on the popular judicial organs in the judicial documents at the time of the constitutional nature of the authority also has doubts. Chapter six important from the comparative law perspective to discuss our country constitution surveillance system with Russia coherent contact rail system, and in our country to establish useful constitution surveillance system of the need and to review and the coherence of the actual results. The experience and experience of the Russian constitutional court system, the reality of our country, discusses the construction of the system of the useful constitution monitoring system in our country. Conclusion points out that to shelter conditions of our country and create their own experience and the experience of Russian constitution court system, the construction of China's useful constitution surveillance system. 目录: |
