| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 文明史是现今热点课题，俄罗文雅化研究也不胜枚举。然则现有结果多是对俄罗文雅化的描写性引见，而对这类奇特文明构成的天然与社会基本、这类文明在分歧时代存在的分歧形状及其转型进程、分歧文明形状对社会成长的反感化、俄罗斯思惟文明的成长头绪及其对艺术文明的指点感化等等成绩，迄未见到阐述。本文力争在这些方面予以弥补。本文分为三部门。上篇为“俄罗文雅化的传统形状”。第一章概述俄罗斯国度树立和驱赶外虏，完成同一，确立封建轨制的年夜致进程。第2、3、四章阐述从基辅罗斯时代到17世纪末俄罗文雅化丰硕、成长和文明本体构成的情形，指出俄罗文雅化本体中现实糅合融合着多种文明成分，如来自拜占廷的宗教、皇权不雅念、书写手腕和典籍、修建及其装潢艺术，来自蒙前人的独裁主义的体系体例和不雅念，俄语论文范文，和从欧洲引进的先辈文明结果。17世纪是俄罗斯传统文明形状最完全、最典范的时代，也是为下个世纪的社会改造和文明转型奠基基本的时代。中篇为“社会改造与文明转型”。分三个阶段阐述18世纪至19世纪后期俄罗斯社会和文明的变更经由；彼得一世时期变更产生在社会表层，临盆和生涯措施和治理体系体例都有转变，俄语论文，文明方面虽死力进修东方，但传统文明形状几无更改；叶卡捷琳娜二世时期变更深刻到认识形状范畴，发蒙学说传入，涌现一批具有发蒙主义思惟的开通贵族；亚历山年夜一世时代资产阶层思惟文明开端对社会生涯和政治轨制产生反感化，反拿破仑战斗今后贵族反动派涌现，他们动员的十二月党人起义不只注解俄罗斯的社会变更曾经从实际预备阶段停顿到理论阶段，并且注解俄罗文雅化转型跨出症结一步。彼得一世改造增进教导、迷信和"文明事业成长的显著后果、叶卡捷琳娜二世“开通独裁”对于俄罗斯思惟文明提高的积极感化、亚历山年夜一世自在主义改造掉败的文明心思缘由、十二月党人起义的文明史意义是这一部门的阐述重点。下篇为“社会变更前夕的先导文明”。阐述尼古拉一世时代涌现的俄罗文雅化的古代形状。资产阶层和小资产阶层常识份子成为文明发明主体，以自在主义和平易近主主义为纲要的资产阶层认识形状构成，标记着俄罗文雅化曾经完成了从传统形状向古代形状的转型。先辈常识份子以实际主义艺术文明为兵器，对封建主义、独裁主义和宗教蒙昧主义睁开批评，对俄罗斯的社会改革和提高施展着积极的推进和引诱感化。在这一部门中，对斯拉夫派和东方派的评价、对资产阶层自在派的确定、对常识份子阶级及其社会感化的剖析等处，都提出了与之前的研究者分歧的意见。 Abstract: The history of civilization is now a hot topic, the Russian Roman Tam refinement research also be too numerous to enumerate. However, existing results is descriptive introduction of elegance of Russian culture, and constitute the unique culture of natural and social basic, this kind of civilization in different ages and transformation process of the different shape, different cultural patterns of social growth of side-effect, growth clue Russian Si Weiwen and of culture and art guidance effect and so on, have not been to see this. This paper tries to make up for these aspects. This paper is divided into three sectors. The first part is the traditional shape of Russian literature Roman Tam". The first chapter outlines the Russian national construction and drive outside Krupp, complete the same, the establishment of the feudal system of the general process. The 2, 3, 4 chapter described from the era of Kievan Rus to the end of the 17th century Russian culture elegant, rich, constitutes a body growth and civilization. It is pointed out that in the main body of the Russian culture elegance reality blend blend of various ingredients of civilization, Tathagata since Byzantine religion, royalty indecent read, wrist and write books, construction and decoration art, from Mongolia previous authoritarian systems and concepts, and from Europe to introduce the advanced civilization results. Seventeenth Century is the most complete and the most typical shape of the Russian traditional civilization, but also for the next century, social transformation and cultural transformation of the basic era of the foundation. The second part is "social transformation and transformation of civilization". Three steps from eighteenth Century to late nineteenth Century in Russian society and civilization through a period of change; Peter changes in social production and life surface, method and management system have changed, although the Oriental civilization study hard, but the traditional civilization shape almost no change; Ekaterina II to change profound understanding of shape category. The theory of introduction, the emergence of a number of enlightenment ideology with the opening of the aristocracy; Alexander I thought bourgeois civilization began to produce anti effect to the social life and political system, anti Napoleon fighting future noble reactionaries emerge, they mobilization party December uprising Russian social change has not only notes from the actual preparation stage stop to the theory stage, and Roman Tam notes Russian crux step cross refinement transformation. Peter I reform promoting education, science and "civilized business growth significant consequences, Catherine the great" open dictatorship "about improve the ideological civilization of Russia's positive role, Alexandria a century liberal reform out lost civilization thought reason, Decembrist revolt of civilization history meaning is the department focuses on. The second part is "social changes on the eve of the forerunner of civilization". On Nicola I of Russia's Roman Tam era of the emergence of the ancient elegant shape. Asset class and small asset class knowledge member become cultural creation main body, liberalism and democracy is the outline of the asset class know shapes, marking the elegance of Russian culture once completed the transformation from the traditional shape to the shape of the ancient. Advanced intellectual to realism art civilization as a weapon, of feudalism, authoritarian and religious obscurantism open criticism, of Russian social reform and improve display positive propulsion and revulsive action. In this sector, the Slavophiles and Oriental sent evaluation, the bourgeois liberal determination, analysis of the intellectual class and its social influence, etc., and put forward the views and before the divergence of the researchers. 目录: |
