| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 俄罗斯2017年的杜马选举和2017年的总统选举都已停止，俄语论文范文，“王车易位”在年夜家的料想当中，但在选举进程中的众声鼓噪里，来自收集空间的声响惹起剖析者们极年夜地兴致。俄罗斯当局固然对传统媒体(纸媒、电视、播送等)有一系列比拟严厉的审查轨制，然则其互联网空间照样相有相当的自在度。选举进程中，政党和候选人经由过程网站，社交媒体等对本身停止政治推行，而选平易近也经由过程互联网获得政治“商品”并揭橥本身的政治声响。尤其惹人存眷的是，社交收集媒体在此次选举中的感化，不管是参选政党和候选人运用其吸引和联结支撑者，否决者们屡屡表露选举内情，照样选举停止后连续的抗议海潮，到处可见社交媒体的身影。研究当下的俄罗斯成绩，特殊是俄罗斯政治，互联网无疑是很好的切入点。起首是由于互联网空间的地下性。戈尔巴乔夫昔时求之不得的“地下化”，如今仿佛在信息技巧的率领下逐步成为实际。俄罗斯社会的外部介入者，可以在这类地下(也能够被某种水平上被限制)的情况中停止政治表达。而内部不雅察者，也能够随意马虎地获得这些材料和信息。曩昔的苏联学研究者，因为信息的纰谬称性，他们对成绩的掌握常常要树立在相似如侦察小说的“克林姆林宫学”的忖度上，俄语论文，如同考古学般奥秘。我们这一代的俄罗斯社会不雅察者真的异常荣幸，由于可以经由过程互联网(乃至不消精晓俄语)获得年夜量乃至是第一手的信息资本。第2、收集空间的公个性使其成为不雅察俄罗斯社会生涯，特殊是政治生涯的绝佳场合。在苏格拉底的时期，要想真正懂得雅典，就必需去他们的“争辩广场”。而在明天，要想真正懂得俄罗斯，相对不克不及疏忽对互联网的不雅察。由于互联网自己就是一个年夜到有形的“争辩广场”一博客、社交收集、视频网站等等这些都为想要表达本身立场的政党、好处团体甚至小我供给了发声场合。更加主要的是，这个“广场”的入场费用绝对昂贵并且公正。没有雄厚的财力是弗成能在传统媒体上造势，而在互联网空间里，一切皆有能够。哈贝马斯1961年在《公共范畴的构造性转型》中对公共范畴(public sphere)的概念停止了界定一国度与市平易近社会的中央地带。组成公共范畴的根本要素是具有批评认识的"，具有自在交换、充足沟通的序言和可以或许构成公共言论。哈贝马斯依据17、18世纪欧洲的汗青社会面貌勾画出的公共范畴的图景，是一种消除了诸多搅扰身分的幻想状况，为我们懂得公共范畴的实质供给了方便。运用这类实际模子，可以对分歧的社会形状的公共范畴停止略论。而曼纽尔·卡斯特尔(Manuel Castells)对收集社会(Network society)的界说让我们对现今所处的互联网时期的各种特点有了清楚的解读。本文试图从公共范畴的角度，研究俄罗斯互联网与俄罗斯政治生态体系的互动，进而探访俄罗斯的收集空间能否具有公共范畴特征。起首从政治，序言和国民三个维度对存在于收集空间里的公共范畴的介入停止剖析。然后经由过程丈量2017年俄罗斯国度杜马重要参选政党官方网站内容输入情形，阐述国度与互联网的政策关系，和借助于对俄罗斯平易近众经由过程收集组织的个人行为和抗议活动的略论，展现俄罗斯互联网所具有的公共范畴属性。 Abstract: The Russian Duma election on 2017 and 2017 presidential elections have been stopped, "castling" in the expectation, but in the election process among the uproar, from the collection space sound caused researchers great interest analysis. The Russian authorities are on the traditional media (print, TV, radio etc.) have a series of relatively strict censorship, but the Internet space still considerable freedom. In the process of election, political parties and candidates through the website, social media to stop the political implementation, but voters also through internet political "commodity" and reveal their own political sound. Particular concern is that social media role in this election, whether political parties and candidates to attract and support the application link, they often show the election in the veto, so stop after the election protests tide continuously, everywhere social media figure. Discussion of the current Russian achievements, especially Russian politics, the Internet is undoubtedly a very good point of entry. First is due to the underground space of the internet. Gorbachev used to have "underground", now in the information technique led gradually become reality. The external intervention of the Russian society can stop the political expression in the case of this kind of underground (also can be restricted by a certain level). While the internal observer, can also obtain these materials and information easily. In the past the Soviet science researchers, because the information PI paradox says, their mastery of achievement often must establish in the similar detective novel "the Kremlin" thought, as a mystery of archaeology. Lucky us this generation of Russian social observer really, because of can through the Internet (even without mastering Russian) obtained large amount of first-hand information and capital. Second, to collect public space to become into Russian society career, special occasions is a great political career. In the period of Socrates, in order to truly understand Athens, it is necessary to go to their place of argument ". And tomorrow, to truly understand Russian, relative cannot ignore the Internet observation. As the Internet itself is a big to the tangible "debate square" a blog, social network, video sites, and so on these are the parties to express their own position, the benefit groups and even individuals to provide voice. Even more important, the "square" is absolutely expensive and fair. No financial strength is impossible to rally in the traditional media, but in the Internet space, all things are possible. Habermas in 1961 in the "public domain of structural transformation" in the public public (sphere) concept to define a country and the city of the central area of the community. The essential elements of the composition of the public sphere are "the criticism", which has a free exchange, adequate communication, and the introduction of public opinion. According to Habermas 17, eighteenth Century European history society outlined in the public domain is a picture, remove the trouble as fantasy, as we know the essence of supply convenient public areas. By applying this kind of practical model, we can analyze the public category of different social forms. Manuel Castle (Manuel Castells) (Network Society) to collect the social definition let us various characteristics of the Internet era to today have a clear interpretation. This paper attempts to study the interaction between the Russian Internet and Russian political ecological system from the perspective of public sphere, and then to visit Russia's collection of public areas. First, from the three dimensions of politics, the preface, and the people of the country, the intervention of the public domain in the space of collection. Then the process of measuring the 2017 Russian Duma, important political parties official website content via the input case, this country and Internet policy relationship, and by the people of Russia through the process of collecting the personal behavior and the analysis of public protests, show the category attributes of Russian Internet has. 目录: |
