At the beginning of 90 years of the 20th century, Russia socialization comprehensive open, along with the social, political and economic systems have completely changed. The social structure also produced a drastic change on the one hand, the original social community continuously damaged, on the other hand, the new social class is constituted. The middle class became Russia during the transitional period the international community extremely concern "hot topics". "Return to the East" is the Russian social transformation period of mainstream awareness and vigorous middle class society of the United States become many Russians elusive "Utopia". Therefore, in the Dark Kingdom future path of growth time, the actual Oriental society many people became the fantasy of the future of russia. But the result is that a Russian middle class is put forward as a political strategy, the obligation of "top-down" and Oriental completely different. The beginning of the transformation, Gaidar as representative of the free school political elite in a vain attempt to through comprehensive public to establish to the middle class is representative of the new political system of society, and to a certain level to middle class composition and smooth growth as the performance of transformation to a confirmed. The Russian middle class scores about international interest and thus stimulate a coherent argument. From the point of view of Russian International on the middle class research results, Russia since 1999 experience for a number of years of turmoil, followed by Putin "New Deal" implemented effectively, the political order is stable, economic growth is gradually on track, the social structure is becoming more and more stable, on the hot topic in the middle order layer gradually from the early reform "existence" (this time although have denied the indecent point of the middle class, but weak voice) to other factors such as features, scale and scope of the. Although the presence of Russian middle class has been widely recognized. However because the differences in research perspective and methods, such as the middle class definition, the scale division, construction number grades and Eph into cause to prevent the disagreement and controversy. The goal of this paper is in view of the above differences and disputes, adjacent to the joint in the transitional period of Russia's social reality and Chinese and Russian social background, with Russia the first-hand empirical material, from sociology, politics and sweat Seigaku divergence angle scale division of modern Russian middle class, social position, and political intervention level and economic status scores stop to discuss deeply, in order to obtain more objective indecent shows, and tries to remind interaction between middle-class growth, the national rail system transformation and social policy swap. Is the era background of the thesis, the author chose Russia's social transition period is for consider the following first, 1992 is free of transformation of Russia or predicate the beginning of social transformation, transformation of traditional socialist political and economic system style start, social structure made immediately begins to produce change. In second, Yeltsin was eight years of age (1991 to 1999), national political and economic system changes the most intense, the social structure as well as social activities, longitudinal speed. Yeltsin in the early society went steady. In third, President Putin responsible for the era (since 2000), the market economy system is set up, the political situation is stable, the international position has been promoted. The social structure changes gradually normalized, stability of. So far, the social transformation in Russia has experienced a "solid - solid - unrest" cycle. Constitute the fourth, in the above such a rapid social transformation under the background to discuss middle class results can better remind the country political and economic transformation and middle class and the relationship between growth degree, also can according to the social structure of micro change of country of micro political and economic change judging and summarizing, to Russia in the future social development to make more accurate grasp. The full text is divided into seven departments, a separate chapter, the six chapter notes. The first chapter is the introduction. Focuses on the theme of the proposed, research significance and the goal, to the domestic and international research status of the carding, introduces the research ideas, structure and methods. It is pointed out that the innovation and the lack of places. The second chapter is the concept of the middle class and the middle class in russia. From microcosmic on Sociology of Oriental form of social stratification and the middle class concept intrinsic carding, discusses the Russian middle class history evolvement process, combined with transition of Russia social characteristics, to a middle class concept definition. The third chapter structural characteristics of Russia during the transitional period of the middle class. This chapter aims to remind the Russian middle class and oriental social middle class structure and class structure elements in the differences. By social, political and economic systems of comprehensive effects of transition, Russian middle class all basic structure elements (teaching level, occupational status, income level, self-identity) significantly abnormal appeared a variety of characteristics and the external class structure heterogeneity is strange also significantly abnormal. The fourth chapter the social status of Russia during the transitional period of the middle class. Through the process of transition in the middle class leisure life, the value of indecent, occupation and the spread of civilization and capital characteristics to carry on the empirical evaluation and analysis, thus to textual research social track of intense transformation on the original social structure formation of serious influence and the growth potential of the middle class and future development trend to make a guess. The economic characteristics of the fifth chapter of Russia during the transitional period of the middle class. The Department important according to the Russian military to the firsthand material remind modern Russian middle class economy faces and develops the current situation, focus from the middle class of material life condition, economic action and its response to the economic crisis to analyze several aspects carries on the analysis and research. The sixth chapter political characteristics of Russia during the transitional period of the middle class. This chapter from the political cognition and value judgment, political involvement and awareness of rights and other aspects of social and political movement to remind the status of modern Russian middle class and its influence on modern political. On the middle class and political influence, the Russian middle class has led to political inertia on the political stage of the "rickets" and "personal language off". The seventh chapter is Russia's middle class growth prospects look. This chapter focuses on the analysis and demonstration of Russian middle class in the future political and economic growth in the country's social position and effect. The middle class will grow in Ankang and spread useful effect, national policy orientation, economic growth and social factors such as a major growth plan. The author thinks, on has not completed the transformation of the obligation of Russia, training and the expansion of the middle class group of potential to be, so is difficult to enter the mature stage of market economy, so as to complete the difficult social transformation obligations. Russia and China are neighbors, have similar abnormal social development process. Is for the current situation in the two countries, although roads differences, system style severally, but profound research in the transition period of Russian middle class achievements about modern China is concerned, whether it is in fact still in theory has very important significance. First of all, through the process to carry on the empirical analysis and practical exploration to the Russian middle class, unusual in China's transformation period, the middle class achievement strange is "hot" topic concerned about lies not it can make living in the pure world of social changes and social stratification in the process of middle class, growth and a frame of reference, and also through the comparative form transformation between China and Russia on the composition of the middle class, growth and characteristics of different influence and reflection of social change of divergent paths choice of significance of the place. Secondly, in the research task has great academic reference value to the international academic community. Through the analysis of the process of the Russian academic circles on the local middle class achievements of research methods, evaluation scale, academic points elegant, and is all kinds of controversy and disagreement, transition of China's middle class in the period of research work bring good theory and create their own. The course of the study, the author access to a large amount of original materials, and shall be quoted in the article. The author hoped that own and invoked a Russian hand material can be useful for Chinese pure supply reference circle. In recent years, the Russian community appears a large number of the Constitution on its middle class, growth way, weigh scale, and the social and political and cultural characteristics, social function and social position and the special role in social stratification in the achievement of academic and political research and discuss the results. Russian scholars statistics, from 1995 to 2000, the Russian International all kinds of academic periodicals formally enunciated the middle class performance on academic papers of more than 250 articles. Russian prestige teaching website "sociology, economics and management science" academic network statistical results show, from 1998 to 2017, all kinds of important magazine reveals to the middle class (C, e to the author, souffl kappa PI. C c) "as the theme of the article up to more than 1000. In recent years, many Russian authoritative research institutions, such as the Russian Academy of Sciences Comprehensive Social Performance Studies ("kappa.". (e.), superstition Academy of Social Science Research (the C P (is) and all Russian Public Opinion Research Center (., the OHL m), the transition period of social stratification, especially the middle class and growth performance did a large amount of social research tasks, a number of elaborate academic results of Russian middle class scores (contains monographs, articles and query visit declaration) progressively also appeared. These results become the main origin of this material. With the Russian scholars rich academic comparison about "Russian middle class" the international Chinese rarely, especially the lack of systematic research. According to the author from Shandong University Library, Beijing National Library Building, Central Compilation Bureau and other units and Chinese journal full text database collected by materials, international formally enunciated the relevant article only more than ten articles, and the vast majority of the translated text (including compilation and translation). Academia has not a review of Russian middle class works are published, on the topic of research only scattered in a number of academic papers and works of individual paragraphs or sections. The lack of relevant research results to the international research task brought great hardship, but also left a vast space of abnormal. 1995 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2003 period, the author has for a very long time in the Russian study and visit, during personal feeling the serious influence of Russian public transformation with the change of the social structure, and brings together a large number of first-hand materials. Thesis writing era, with the preface to the collection browse the large amount contains papers, monographs, research reporting, government documents and materials, classification, sum up, reorganization and integration of the Russian academic circles about during the transitional period, the middle class scores a large number of research results, also created the China International and other countries scholars don't ya and research methods. In the writing process of the thesis the author has maintained the following methods and principles above all, keep the capabilities, dialectical analysis of the basic principles, with comprehensive, mutual contact and growth of indecent point to study Russian middle class results. The middle class has significant cultural background and social space-time difference, cultural background, time and location of the middle class differences, the concept of intrinsic and natural connotation will produce the response to changes. Secondly, the empirical analysis and discuss the actual combination way. A middle class, such as a social problem structure research, it is necessary to control a large amount of empirical investigation and all kinds of data, but also to be familiar with basic social theory, the former is in this argument is that while slander is argument pointing. Initially, the actual case and combined way. Russia's history, civilization and social development is a kind of European and world civilization and the historical background of coherent special contact. As long as the Oriental middle class classic practical with Russian cases stop inorganic combined, according to the local conditions, master the essence of the middle class and the ability to draw the conclusion conforms to the actual. Through a large number of empirical evaluation and practical analysis, we find, in the transformation of Russian middle class in the system of thought, action program and on behalf of the benefits of Party construction and other aspects, there is no complete form in conformity with the energy value system. Tomorrow the Russian middle class is still a non structured and not forming the social masses, to become "self understanding of the invention of history subject", there is a long way to go. As one of the main features of the modern industrial civilization of the growth of social basic, the middle class is extensive and special coexist, and this is precisely our in homemade and avail himself of the Oriental society theory results to of Russian transition period middle class analysis and research are essential to the value of a fundamental condition. Russian middle class can not only has broad in the context of globalization and the ancient and inevitability, while also playing on Russian society especially in the special period of transition of society, politics, economy and civilization of the deep imprint, this special kind of makes us in the Oriental created the middle class research results must according to the Russian middle class objectively actual make response of local adaptation to get consistent reality judgment and conclusion. Is the innovation in this place, I think is important for the following two points: first, in the thesis, as mentioned earlier, pure circles in China has not a comprehensive, system introduction of Russian middle class monographs. Desire through the process on the subject system of research, can perhaps for internally generated valuable academic offer detailed materials, but also for further deep research of Russian middle class achievements play a valuable role. Second, from the research method, the author has maintained the empirical analysis method, with detailed analysis of keeping things. The actual contact realistic approach on the conditions, based on the empirical analysis, a large number of application of the latest information first hand, the modern Russian middle class stop tracking investigation and study, make the conclusion and, as far as possible to prevent the bark bark or their own mess on. Russian society tomorrow is still in the process of transformation, and growth of middle class is determined there will be a lot of new changes. Facing such a continuously change the object and at any time the emergence of a large number of new situations and new achievements. The research difficulty can be imagined. At the same time, because of the weak foundation, practical ability is limited, there are many places in the lack of. The lack of local is the future of ceaseless effort to. Here, ask faithfully mentors and experts and scholars not hesitate to enlighten me, put forward valuable guidance to the younger generation growth and academic development, in the future research work, I will hard trying to correct, ceaseless and perfect. At the same time, I also sincerely wish through the research process of this subject can perhaps for international Russian social transition research results to make a little contribution. 目录: |
