| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语专业论文，俄语论文范文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 世界汗青注解,很多国度在其成长的分歧分阶段首都是赓续转移的。缘由重要有：交际政策(扩大或相反,瓦解的帝国战斗)的变更和特色；国际社会经济成长状态(经济贫苦,社会动乱,种族战斗,天然灾祸等)的变更和特色。在近代汗青上,一些国度由于分歧的缘由转变其首都地位。好比,巴西因为经济缘由,而澳年夜利亚出于政治缘由。不外也有由于地盘运用计划须要而转变首都地位的例子,如俄罗斯近期的转变首都地位筹划。因为一系列的缘由,为了进步地盘运用效力,莫斯科将首都地位扩展到周边绝对闲置的城市和村庄。俄罗斯汗青上曾经有过首都地位变更的例子,但如今的情形跟以往有很年夜的分歧。俄罗斯联邦的首都依然是莫斯科,但最高权利机构将搬家至新的地位。莫斯科城市规模由本来的向核心扩大成长,改变为集中向莫斯科东北偏向扩大。在这些地域,出于分歧于以往的缘由,在莫斯科东北部增长一个新的城郊区域,从新规定城市功效分区,来分管莫斯科的城市本能机能。莫斯科是俄罗斯的多数几个城市之一,它的城市化率曾经到达了百分之百。这里是欧洲生齿最密集地域。偏巧在20世纪的城市成长扩大进程中,因为扩大曾经跨越其汗青规定的城市界限。特殊是在20世纪90年月,因为没法掌握的城市成长及私人车的数目急剧增长,使这类界限超越汗青规定规模的情形好转加重。在我的论文中,经由过程以俄罗斯首都莫斯科的转移为例,对首都转移的优缺陷停止研究并得出结论。 Abstract: The world history notes, many countries in their growth stage capital difference is continuously transferred. The main reasons are: the change and characteristics of the communication policy (the expansion or the contrary, the collapse of the Empire combat); the changes and characteristics of the international social and economic development status (economic poverty, social unrest, ethnic fighting, natural disasters, etc.). In modern history, some countries changed their capital position because of their differences. For example, Brazil because of economic reasons, and the Australian Leah for political reasons. But there are also examples of changes in the status of the capital due to the need for land use planning, such as Russia's recent shift in the capital position. Because of a series of reasons, in order to improve the effectiveness of land use, Moscow will be extended to the capital status of the surrounding cities and villages absolutely idle. There have been examples of changes in the history of the capital, but now the situation is very different from the past. The capital of the Russian Federation is still in Moscow, but the highest authorities will move to a new position. Moscow city scale from the original to the core to expand growth, change to focus on the northeast to expand the direction of the northeast. In these areas, for the reason of the differences in the past, in the northeastern part of the growth of a new suburban area of the city, from the new requirements of urban functions, to the city in charge of the city's natural function. Moscow is one of the most cities in Russia, and its urbanization rate has reached one hundred percent. Here is one of Europe's most densely populated region. But in twentieth Century the city to expand the growth process, because of the expansion of the city limits once across its historical rules. Especially in the 90 years of twentieth Century, because of the rapid growth of the number of urban growth and private cars can not be mastered, so that this kind of boundaries beyond the historical provisions of the situation improved. In my paper, through the process to the Russian capital of Moscow, for example, the transfer of the capital of the advantages and disadvantages of research and concluded. 目录: 摘要 5-6 Abstract 6 1 俄罗斯城市化历史 9-19 1.1 城市集中 11-12 1.2 目前状态 12-16 1.3 俄罗斯生态近况 16-17 1.4 中国城市化 17-19 2 莫斯科 19-38 2.1 地理位置的变化 19 2.2 生态 19-20 2.3 历史 20-24 2.3.1 政治分裂 21-22 2.3.2 布局 22 2.3.3 交通 22-24 2.4 首都移动 24-38 2.4.1 首都移动历史 24-25 2.4.2 由于国家权力机关的变化导致首都移动 25 2.4.3 移动代价 25-26 2.4.4 移动过程中遇到的问题 26-38 3 北京 38-45 3.1 近现代历史 38 3.2 地理 38-39 3.3 空气污染 39 3.4 行政区划 39-40 3.5 交通 40-43 3.5.1 铁路 40-41 3.5.2 公路 41 3.5.3 航空 41-42 3.5.4 公共交通 42 3.5.5 地铁 42 3.5.6 公共汽电车 42 3.5.7 出租车 42-43 3.6 经济 43-44 3.7 人口 44-45 4 土地资源利用状况和面临的形势 45-46 5 莫斯科和北京的农业发展对比 46-49 参考文献 49-53 致谢 53 |
