| 介词“於/于”的鼓起和式微是汉语史研究中异常主要的一个成绩。先辈时贤对“於/于”的起源、成长变更、式微的缘由、语义特点、“于”和“於”的差别等成绩曾经有很多评论辩论。已有的研究中，法语论文范文，郭锡良对“于”的来源和成长、“于”和“於”的差别曾经作出异常出色的阐述；但在“於/于”的语义特点和式微的缘由这两个成绩上，学界仍存在不合。本文以史记中汉朝部门的文献为语料规模，起首经由过程穷尽性的查询拜访来描述这部门文献中“於/于”的句法语义功效，其次以战斗行动动词为例，从用时的角度详细剖析每一个动词在先秦、史记(上)、史记(下)中介“於”和“于”的详细情形。经由过程商量，本文得出以下几点结论：1、介词“於/于”跟着时光的推移，在“先秦→史记上→史记下”中的用法和用例都在赓续衰减，“於/于”的句法功效赓续阑珊，成为一个以引介地方为重要功效的介词。2、在史记(下)中，“於/于”重要引介地方和起点两种语义格。个中，动词后的“於/于”以引介“地方”占年夜多半，描述词后的“於”以引介“客体”占年夜多半。我们赞成王力的看法，介词“於/于”的根本功效是表现举措或性质与事物间的关系。3、与先秦时期比拟，多音节谓词构造介“於/于”的用例增多。其缘由重要是，在史记时期涌现了很多新的多音节谓词构造，这与汉语复音化的年夜配景慎密相连。另外，部门单音动词(如将、扦、戍、屯)在史记中开端涌现介接“於”的用例，部门单音动词(如攻、击、守、围)在史记中介“於/于”的用例多于在先秦文献中的。不外，这两种情形中的“於”所引介的都是地方成份。这只是用例的增多，法语毕业论文，介词“於/于”的功效并没有发生变更。 Abstract: The rise and decline of the preposition "Yu" is one of the main achievements in the study of Chinese history. Advanced Shengxian of "on / in" the origin, growth, change, the decline of the reason, semantic features, "Yu" and "in" the difference of scores had a lot of comments debate. In previous research, Guo Xiliang of "in" the origin and growth, "in" and "in" the difference has made exceptional exposition; but in the "on / in" the semantic features and the decline of the reason the two grades, the academic circles still differ. The to "historical records" in the Han Dynasty literature as the corpus size chapeau exhaustive query via the visit to describe this sector literature "in / on the syntactic and semantic function. Secondly, to combat action verbs, for example, from the perspective of detailed analysis each verb in the pre Qin," records of the historian "(on)," records of the historian "(under) intermediary" for "and" to "in detail. Through the process of discussion, this paper draws the following several conclusions: 1, the preposition "in / to" follow the passage of time, in pre Qin, "historical records", "historical records", "the usage and the cases are in ceaseless decay," in / on the syntactic function continuously recession become a to introduce place for important effect of prepositions. 2, in the "historical records" (), "on / in the important place and start introducing two kinds of semantic grid. Medium, the verb of "/" to introduce "local" accounted for most of the eve of the describing word "in" to introduce "object" accounted for most of the eve of the. We agree with Wang Li's view that the fundamental function of the preposition "Yu" is to show the relationship between action or nature and things. 3, compared with the pre Qin period, the structure of the multi syllable predicate is more. The main reason is, in the period of the "historical records" has emerged many new multi syllable predicates, which with the disyllablization of Chinese big background cheek by jowl connected. In addition, the Department of monosyllabic verb (such as, skewer, Shu, Tun) in "historical records" in the beginning of emerging media "in" the case, Department of monosyllabic verb (such as attack, attack, defend, Wai) in the "historical records" intermediary "on / in the case than in the pre Qin literature of. However, these two situations "in" the introduction are local ingredients. This is just the increase in use cases, the preposition "in / on" the efficacy and no change. 目录: 内容提要 3-4 Abstract 4 目录 5-7 一、绪论 7-17 1.1 介词“於/于”探讨概况 7-13 1.1.1 来源 7-8 1.1.2 发展变化 8-9 1.1.3 衰落的原因 9-11 1.1.4 语义特征 11-12 1.1.5 “于”和“於”的区别 12-13 1.2 史记版本及语料范围的选取 13-15 1.2.1 史记版本的选取 13-14 1.2.2 史记中有关介词“於/于”的材料的范围 14-15 1.3. 选题意义和探讨措施 15-17 1.3.1 史记介词“於/于”探讨概貌 15 1.3.2 史记(下)介词“於/于”的探讨意义及工作程序 15-17 二.介词“於/于”的语义功能概述 17-28 2.1 学界对“於/于”介词结构的探讨概貌 17-21 2.2 菲尔墨(Fillmore)的格语法 21-25 2.2.1 深层格的定义及影响 21-23 2.2.2 具体格的定义和说明 23-25 2.3 本文描写“於/于”语义功能时采纳的格 25-28 三、史记(下)带介词“於/于”的谓词 28-32 3.1 史记(下)带介词“於/于”的动词 28-30 3.2 史记(下)带介词“於/于”的形容词 30-31 3.3 本章小结 31-32 四.史记(下)战争行为动词介接“於/于”的句法语义特征 32-94 4.1 行军类动词介接“於/于”的句法语义特征 36-48 4.1.1 领兵类动词“并、驰、发、将、进、举、起、率、引” 36-44 4.1.2 驻军类动词“军、屯、次、舍、信” 44-48 4.1.2.1 长期驻扎类动词“军、屯” 44-46 4.1.2.2 行军时驻扎类动词“次、舍、信” 46-48 4.2 攻守类动词介接“於/于”的句法语义特征 48-67 4.2.1 进攻类动词“摧、斗、伐、攻、击、救、略、侵、讨、围、袭、陷、徇、战、阵、征” 48-63 4.2.2 防御类动词“保、扦、拒、戍、守、卫、迎” 63-67 4.3 作战结果类动词介接“於/于”的句法语义特征 67-89 4.3.1 战胜类动词 67-78 4.3.1.1 单音动词“拔、举、虏、灭、平、破、禽、取、屠、杀、胜、下” 67-75 4.3.1.2 双音动词“攻破、攻杀、击虏、击破、击杀、击斩、击走、破杀、破得、乘胜、决胜” 75-78 4.3.2 战败类动词“败、奔、割、溃、困、却、降” 78-86 4.3.3 战和类动词“讲、平” 86-89 4.4 本章小结 89-94 五.史记(下)介词“於/于”的句法语义功能 94-101 5.1 史记(下)中位于中心语之前的“於/于” 94-98 5.1.1 前置的“於/于”概表强调 95-96 5.1.2 动词“有”和“无” 96-98 5.2 史记(下)中“於/于”所引介成分的语义功能 98-101 六、结语 101-103 参考文献 103-106 后记 106-108 |
