| 古代汉语中，否认标志“没有”有两种重要用法，一种是放在名词性成份前，另外一种是放在动词性成份前。传统的语法研究以为这两种成份前的“没有”是分歧的词。而本文经由过程对“没有/NP”和“没有/VP”这两种根本构造中的“没有”的语义剖析和句法剖析，以为两个“没有”在语义和句法上是相通的。从语义下去看，“没有”所否认的是事宜的完成，而且事宜在完成后有一个连续的状况。“没有”请求厥后的动词性成份要具有“事宜”特征，而名词性成份前的“没有”在语义上其实不否认名词性成份所指称的事物自己，而能否定一个隐含的动词性成份，本来的名词性成份只是这个隐含动词所表现的举措运动完成后的存在体，这个隐含的动词性成份在需要时可以语音完成。是以，不管是名词性成份前的“没有”照样动词性成份前的“没有”否认的都是事宜的存在。是以，我们以为名词性成份和动词性成份在遭到“没有”否认后，应当有着雷同或类似的语义构造和句法构造。依据对“没有”的对应式(counterpart)“有”的剖析，本文以为“没有”中的“有”表现的是“存在”义，而“没”自力承载“否认”义。在句法剖析方面，我们依据功效领域假定，以为“有”是一个表现“存在(Exist)”的功效领域的语音完成，“有”对VP停止扩大，表现的是事宜的完成，在“没有/NP”中，法语论文，“有”扩大的是一个以空动词为焦点投射构成的VP，VP指导隐含事宜；而“没”是一个黏附性较强的否认性功效领域，否认的是“有”所扩大的全部事宜，法语论文范文，而不是对事宜内某一成份的零丁否认。这类剖析办法可以将两种根本否认构造下的“没有”归入统一个句法层面来熟悉，一方面可以说明“没”和“没有”分歧形的成绩，另外一方面也能够让“没有/NP”与“没有/VP”在语义和句法上获得同一的句法说明。 Abstract: In ancient Chinese, there are two important usages of the denial of the "no" sign, one is to put the noun before the other, and the other is to put the verb before the ingredients. Traditional grammar studies that the two components of the "no" is a different word. In this paper, through the process of "no /NP" and "no /VP" these two basic structure of the "no" semantic analysis and syntactic analysis, that the two "no" in the semantic and syntactic is the same. From the semantic point of view, "no" is denied by the completion of the matter, and the completion of the matter in a continuous state. "No" to request syncope after the verbal component has the characteristics of "matters", and before the nominal component "no" on the semantic actually do not deny that nominal composition of the alleged things themselves, and can set an implied verb ingredient, originally the noun component is the implicit verb performance measures movement after the completion of the existence and the implied verb ingredient in need can complete voice. Is to, whether it is the nominal composition of the "no" before the verb elements of the "no" is denied the existence of the matter. It is in that we assume that the nominal and verbal components are in the same or similar semantic and syntactic structure as the "no". According to the "no" corresponding type (counterpart) "there" analysis, this article thought "no" in the "there" is the performance of the "existence" meaning, and "no" independent bearing "deny" meaning. In the syntactic analysis. On the basis of the function field assumed that "something" is a manifestation of "existence". Besides the effect in the field of speech, "" of VP stopped expanding, the performance of the matters, in "no / NP", "" expand is a focus projection to empty verb VP, VP guidance implicit matters; and "no" is a adhesion strong deny the effectiveness of field, the denial is "have" to expand in all matters, and not on matters within a component individually denied. This kind of analysis can be two denies the fundamental structure of the "no" included in the unified syntactic level to be familiar with, on the one hand can explain "no" and "no" scores of different shape, on the other hand can also take no / NP "and" no / VP "in the semantic and syntactic access to the same syntactic description. 目录: 摘要 5-6 Abstract 6-7 第一章 引言 9-14 1.1 探讨对象 9-11 1.2 探讨近况与思考 11-13 1.3 写作安排 13-14 第二章 “没有”的语义略论 14-34 2.1 “没有”的词性归类 14-15 2.2 “没有”的语义略论 15-28 2.3 “没有”与体范畴 28-32 2.4 小结 32-34 第三章 “没有”的句法略论 34-47 3.1 功能范畴假设理论 34-35 3.2 “有”的句法略论 35-39 3.3 “没”的句法略论 39-46 3.4 小结 46-47 第四章 结语 47-49 参考文献 49-52 致谢 52-53 附：本人读研期间发表的论文、论著及获奖情况一览表 53 |
