| 本文从最简计划视角动身,商量了英语、尺度阿拉伯语和法语中特别疑问句的句法特点。研究详细包含疑问词移位、疑问词原位、和参数是若何编码这三中说话在句法方面的分歧的。本文的研究目标,是针对以上三种分歧类型的说话,商量特别疑问句的句子结构机制。对于分歧的说话而言,它们的特别疑问句结构也是分歧的,那末毕竟这些分歧的基本缘由是甚么,是本论文研究的初志地点。是以,本文着重于研究说话中疑问词移位和疑问词原位的内涵缘由。起首,论文具体阐述了这三种说话特别疑问句的结构机制和战略,在此基本上,得出作用英语、尺度阿拉伯语、和法语特别疑问句的参数。本文的立异的地方,是从最简计划视角,得出作用英语、尺度阿拉伯语、和法语特别疑问句的参数。今朝对阿拉伯语特别疑问句的研究,多半集中在阿拉伯方言上,很少触及特别疑问句。另外,本文还对法语的选择疑问句停止研究,发明这类选择性只是外面上的,并商量了这类景象的缘由。本文共分为七章,第一章是绪论部门,包含选题缘由、研究办法、研究目标、论文立异性和论文年夜纲。第二章从最简计划视角,对论文相干研究停止了论述,并评论辩论了这些研究的长处和缺乏的地方。第三章包含论文的实际框架和研究配景,包含最简计划及其任务机制、归并和移位操作、包含性前提、挪动的复制论、经济准绳、盘算体系、最简计划的进献、和基于阶段的研究办法。第四章具体阐述了三种说话中特别疑问句的组成,并对组成措施停止阐释。第五章经由过程用树状构造图停止剖析,得出了作用这些说话特别疑问句结构的参数。第六章对这些说话组成特别疑问句的措施停止比拟,评论辩论了它们的雷同的地方和分歧的地方。第七章是本文的结语,包含论文的结论、研究的缺乏的地方,并对进一步的研究提出建议。 Abstract: From the perspective of the minimalist program, this paper has discussed the syntactic features of the special interrogative sentences in English, Arabic and French. Discuss in detail include the question of the word shift, the question of the words in situ, and the argument is how to talk about encoding's three differences in syntax. The aim of this study is to discuss the structure and mechanism of the special question sentence in view of the above three kinds of different types of speech. As far as they are concerned, their special question sentence structure is also different. What is the basic reason for these differences after all, is the beginning of this paper. So, this paper focuses on the discussion of the question of the word shift and the meaning of the original question in situ. First of all, the thesis expounds the structure and the strategy of these three kinds of special interrogative sentences. In this paper, the parameters of English, Arabic and French special questions are obtained. The innovation in this place is influence English, standard Arabic, and French special interrogative sentence parameters drawn from the perspective of the Minimalist Program. At present, the study of Arabic special questions, mostly concentrated in the Arabia dialect, rarely touched special questions. In addition, this article also to the French choice question sentence to discuss, the invention this kind of selectivity is only on the outside, and discussed the reason of this kind of picture. This paper is divided into seven chapters, the first chapter is the introduction section, including the reasons for choosing the topic, research methods, research objectives, papers, and the main purpose of this paper. The second chapter from the point of view of the minimalist program, the paper discusses the relevant discussion, and comments on the strengths and weaknesses of these studies. The third chapter of this dissertation includes theoretical framework and research background, including the simplest plan and task mechanism, merging and shift operation, include premise, move the copy theory, economic principle and system calculation, the Minimalist Program of contribution, and based on the stage of research methods. In the fourth chapter, the composition of the special interrogative sentences in the three kinds of speech is expounded, and the composition method is explained. In the fifth chapter, the analysis of the structure of the tree is used to analyze the parameters which affect the structure of the special interrogative sentences. In the sixth chapter, the methods of these special questions are compared, and their similarities and differences are discussed. The seventh chapter is the conclusion of this article, including the conclusion of the paper, the lack of research and suggestions for further research. 目录: Acknowledgement 6-8 Abstract 8-9 内容提要 10-16 Chapter One Introduction 16-22 1.1 The Main Idea of the Paper 16 1.2 Motivation for the Study 16-17 1.3 Research Problem 17 1.4 Research Objectives 17-18 1.5 Significance of the Research 18-19 1.6 The Reason for Approaching this Research from Minimalist Programperspectives 19 1.7 The Creativty of this Paper 19-20 1.8 Research Methodology 20 1.9 The Outline of this Thesis 20-22 Chapter Two Literature Review 22-32 2.1 Wh-movement 22 2.2 Noam Chomsky\'s Framework 22-24 2.2.1 Noam Chomsky(1995) 23 2.2.2 Noam Chomsky(2000) 23-24 2.3 Previous Studies about English Wh-constructions 24 2.3.1 Andrew Radford\'s Study 24 2.4 Previous Studies about Arabic Wh-constructions 24-26 2.4.1 Previous Studies about Standard Arabic Wh-questions 24-25 2.4.1.1 MousaA.Btoosh\'s Study 24-25 2.4.1.2 Mohammad0.Al-Shorafat\'s Study 25 2.4.2 Previous Studies about Arabic Dialects 25-26 2.4.2.1 Palestine Arabic 26 2.4.2.2 Egyptian Arabic 26 2.5 Previous Studies about French Wh-constructions 26-28 2.5.1 Zelijko Boscovic\'s Study 27 2.5.2 Kristin Denham\'s Study 27-28 2.5.3 Lisa Lai Shen Cheng and Rooryck\'s Study 28 2.6 Strengths of the Previous Studies 28-29 2.7 Weaknesses of the Previous Studies 29-32 Chapter Three Theoretical Base 32-43 3.1 Introduction 32 3.2 The Minimalist Program 32-37 3.2.1 Computational System 33-34 3.2.2 Merge 34-35 3.2.2.1 External Merge 34-35 3.2.2.2 Internal Merge(Move) 35 3.2.3 Inclusiveness Condition 35-36 3.2.4 Copy Theory of Movement 36 3.2.5 Economy Principle 36-37 3.3 The Contributions of the Minimalist Program 37 3.4 Phase-Based Model Theory 37-39 3.5 Our Proposal 39-43 3.5.1 The Parameter Governing both English and Standard Arabic Wh-questions 39-40 3.5.2 The Parameter Governing French Wh-questions 40-43 Chapter Four A Necessary Base to Understand Wh-question Constructionswithin These Languages 43-59 4.1 Introduction 43-44 4.2 English Wh-questions 44-47 4.2.1 English Matrix Wh-questions 44-45 4.2.2 English Embedded Wh-questions 45-46 4.2.3 English Multiple Wh-questions 46 4.2.4 Piepiping and Preposition Stranding in English Wh-questions 46 4.2.4.1 Piepiping in English wh-questions 46-47 4.2.4.2 Preposition Stranding in English Wh-questions 47 4.3 Standard Arabic Wh-questions 47-51 4.3.1 Standard Arabic Word Order 47-48 4.3.2 Standard Arabic Wh-words 48 4.3.3 Standard Arabic Matrix Wh-questions 48 4.3.4 Standard Arabic Embedded Wh-questions 48-49 4.3.5 Standard Arabic Multiple Wh-questions 49-50 4.3.6 Piepiping and Preposition Stranding in Standard Arabic Wh-questions 50-51 4.3.6.1 Piepiping in Standard Arabic Wh-questions 50 4.3.6.2 Preposition Stranding in Standard Arabic Wh-questions 50-51 4.4 French Wh-questions 51-59 4.4.1 French Wh-words 51 4.4.2 Subject-verb Inversion in French 51-52 4.4.3 French Matrix Wh-questions 52-54 4.4.4 French Embedded Wh-questions 54-56 4.4.4.1 Survey 55-56 4.4.4.1.1 Procedure 55-56 4.4.4.1.2 Results 56 4.4.5 French Multiple Wh-questions 56-57 4.4.6 Piepiping and Preposition Stranding in French Wh-questions 57-59 4.4.6.1 Piepiping in French Wh-questions 57 4.4.6.2 Preposition Stranding in French Wh-questions 57-59 Chapter Five Parameters Governing Wh-questions Found in Threelanguages 59-93 5.1 English Wh-movement 59-66 5.1.1 English Wh-movement in Matrix Wh-questions 59-61 5.1.2 English Wh-movement in Embedded Wh-questions 61-63 5.1.2.1 No T to C Movement in English Embedded Wh-questions 63 5.1.3 English Multiple Wh-questions 63-65 5.1.3.1 Attract Closest Principle(ACP) 63-65 5.1.4 English Wh-subject Questions 65-66 5.1.4.1 Vacuous Movement Hypothesis 65-66 5.2 Wh-movement in Standard Arabic 66-78 5.2.1 VSO and SVO Word Order Derivation in SA 67-71 5.2.1.1 VSO Word Order Derivation 67-69 5.2.1.2 SVO Word Order Derivation 69-71 5.2.2 SA Wh-movement in Matrix Wh-questions 71-74 5.2.2.1 SA Matrix Wh-questions with \'Ellathi\' 73-74 5.2.3 SA Wh-movement in Embedded Wh-questions 74-76 5.2.4 SA Wh-movement in Multiple Wh-questions 76-78 5.3 The Parameter Governing English and Standard Arabic Wh-questions 78-79 5.4 French Wh-movement 79-85 5.4.1 French Wh-movement in Matrix Wh-questions 79-82 5.4.1.1 French Optional T to C Movement 81-82 5.4.2 French Wh-movement in Embedded Wh-questions 82-85 5.5 French In-situ Wh-questions 85-87 5.5.1 French Multiple Wh-questions 85-86 5.5.2 French In-situ Wh-questions(content) 86-87 5.6 French Optionality 87-88 5.7 Our Account vis-a-vis French Optionality 88-91 5.8 The Parameter Governing French Wh-questions 91-93 Chapter Six Similarities and Asymmetries 93-98 6.1 Similarities across these Languages vis-a-vis Wh-question Constructions 93-95 6.2 Asymmetries Underlying these Three Languages\' Wh-question Constructions 95-98 Chapter Seven Conclusion 98-102 7.1 Main Achievements of this Research 98-100 7.2 Limitations of this Research 100 7.3 Suggestions for Further Study 100-102 Bibliography 102-107 Appendix 107 |
