| 游戏在中世纪(至近代晚期)法国人的生涯中所占的位置远比古代社会主要很多，汗青文献、游戏与节庆的特别接洽、人们在游戏中的投入水平，都注解他们对游戏具有远跨越古代人的热忱。不只如斯，其时岂论阶层、性别、年纪，一切人都常常在一路玩异样的游戏，法语论文，或在统一游戏中饰演分歧的脚色，身份的差别其实不会招致游戏的措施和兴趣涌现实质的差别。同时，教士和贵族即便在玩明天看来很粗鄙的游戏时，他们也不须要避开通俗平易近众的眼光。总之，阶层、性别、年纪的差别并没有形成游戏文明上的隔膜。我们可以说，中世纪法国人的生涯世界里有一个游戏的“配合体”①，它是晚期社会所独有的文明“配合体”的一个构成部门。这是中世纪特别的生涯情况所决议的。中世纪法国的“配合体”游戏文明，本质上是在一个充斥了各类现实或想象、天然或超天然的风险的世界里追求生计的系统。在四分五裂的教会和国度都有力供给有用的掩护的情形下，人们必需牢牢依附身旁的群体能力追求生计，因此重要以城镇或天然村划分的社群或配合体，就成了人们最重要的存在措施。配合体须要某种特别的纽带来驱赶人们配合面对的风险，同时凝集一切人的力气共渡难关、保持群体的生计。游戏就是如许的一个纽带，这就付与了中世纪的游戏分歧于昔日的两种相当主要的特别功效：作为驱赶恐怖和追求神灵掩护的宗教典礼，和作为社群自治和自我治理的手腕。游戏社团在个中饰演着非常凸起的脚色。在中世纪早期，跟着社会情况产生伟大的变更，游戏也开端产生基本性的变更。起首是游戏的世俗化，表示为崇奉“纯化”(即消除宗教生涯中不相符正统基督教崇奉的器械)活动招致游戏逐步损失了原本的宗教功效，并形成哲人节和狂欢节前后式微。其次是游戏的文明化，包含暴力的消退、规矩的了了化、讲求对身材姿势的优雅掌握和贵族游戏的关闭化等方面。游戏的上述演化重要产生在社会的中下层，这就招致中世纪一切人同享统一种文明的游戏“配合体”产生崩溃，使游戏涌现了阶级、地区、年纪乃至性其余分化。游戏不复兴到凝集社群联结的感化。在近代晚期社会重构的进程中，法语论文范文，下层社会的游戏积极地向新兴的相对国度挨近，继续了中世纪传统的年夜众阶级的游戏则酿成了蛮横、粗鄙、无序乃至异教风俗的代名词，成为被改造和压抑的对象。传统游戏文明所固有的社群自治功效，则使压抑年夜众的游戏文明与相对主义的过程产生了主要的接洽。与此同时，王权也无意识地把游戏当做宣传相对主义认识形状的掌握臣平易近思惟的对象。总之，跟着游戏的伦剃头生近代化的演化，传统的游戏“配合体”时期所独有的天然的协调曾经一去不复返。 Abstract: Game in the medieval period to the late period of modern French career position than ancient society is a lot, historical literature, games and festival special contact, people in the game input level, annotate their game has far across the ancient people warmly. Not only this predicament, meantime regardless of class, gender, age, all people often play strange game, or in the same game played different role, identity of the difference actually does not incur game method and interest in the emergence of the essence of the difference between. At the same time, the priests and nobles even in play today seems very vulgar games. They don't need to avoid a plain of the public eye. In a word, class, gender, age, the difference was not formed on the diaphragm game civilization. We can say that the Medieval French career world has a game of "community", it is a part of the unique advanced civilization "ligand". This is the special case of the resolution of medieval life. The Medieval French "ligand" game civilization, nature is the pursuit of the livelihood system in a world full of all kinds of reality or imagination, natural or supernatural risk in the world. In fragmented church and state are powerful supply useful cover of the case, it is necessary to firmly attached side groups pursuing a livelihood, so important to town or natural village is divided the community or ligand, people the most important method. With the body needs some special ties to drive them with the risks faced, and agglutination strength to tide over the crisis and maintain the population living. Game is such a link, which is entrusted to the medieval game differences in the former two very important special effects: as driven terror and the pursuit of spirit cover of religious ceremony, and community autonomy and self governance as a wrist. The game plays very important role in society in chinese. In the early Middle Ages, along with the social situation produced great change, the game also began to produce fundamental change. Chapeau is the secularization of the game, said for beliefs "purification" (namely, the elimination of the religious career does not match the Orthodox Christian faith instruments) activities of incurring game gradual loss of the original religious function, and the formation of philosopher Festival and Carnival before and after the decline. The second is the game of civilization, including the violence subsided, the rules have been closed and so on, emphasize on the body posture elegant and noble master of the game. The evolution of games occur in the middle and lower classes of society, which may lead to a game of all the medieval people share the same kind of civilization "ligand" resulting in the collapse, making the game the emergence of class, region, age and the rest of the sex differentiation. The game is not to affect the connection of Community Renaissance agglutination. In the process of modern advanced social reconstruction, lower social game actively to emerging relative country near, continue to the medieval tradition of the eve of the public class game it will lead to the rude, vulgar, synonymous with the disorder and pagan customs become was transformed and depression in the. Inherent in the traditional game of civilization of community autonomy function, the repression of masses of the game of civilization and relativism produced in the process of the main contact. At the same time, the monarchy also unconsciously the games as a propaganda relativism recognizes the shape of master Chen plain near the thought of object. Anyway, along with the evolution of modern game Lun shaving the firstborn, unique to the traditional game "ligand" period of natural coordination once to not return. 目录: |
