| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 焦点词是说话中最根本最焦点的部门，它变更迟缓，具有异常年夜的稳固性。这些焦点词除转义外，还成长出其他的义项，而这些义项的得来其实不是随意率性的，而是遵守着必定的纪律，俄语论文，反应人类的认知思想。词义的引伸，其实不是只在某一个说话中有，在其他说话中也存在着，反应了认知的类似性。固然，分歧的平易近族，也有认知的差别性。我们以斯瓦迪士的《百词表》为根据，对俄语中有关身材器官或身材器官的构成部门停止穷尽式地汇集，整顿统一概念下语义场内的一切成员的情势及其语义成长演化纪律，特别是一些比拟具有斯拉夫平易近族特点的认知，做出恰当的公道的说明。我们以身材词为研究的中间，身材词都属于焦点概念，每一个概念下都有许多词，俄语论文范文，组成一个语义场，穷尽式地找进场里的一切有关词语，然落后行过细的研究。固然对汉语和俄语的词义比较的研究也许多，但从焦点词的角度，从语义场的角度动身研究俄语身材词及以身材器官的构成部门作为研究对象，我们的研究属于首创性的。在每一个语义场内，我们把一切的代表词逐个列出，细心剖析。在我们所控制的规模内，把斯拉夫语系的三年夜语支一东斯拉夫语支、西斯拉夫语支、南斯拉夫语支一也找出个中的同源词，并在印欧语系的说话中也找出一些相似的例证停止弥补，尽可能用年夜量的说话现实来讲明语义演化的个性。我们对前后一百焦点词表中有关的33个身材词停止了综合论述，前一百焦点词分为六个部门，个中第一部门包含“女、男、人”3个；第二部门包含“皮、肤、肉、血、骨”5个；第三部门包含“油、卵、角、尾、羽、发”6个；第四部门包含“头、耳、眼、鼻、嘴、牙、舌”7个；第五部门包含“爪、脚、膝、手”4个；第六部门包含“腹、颈、胸、心、肝”5个；第七部门为后一百焦点词表中的“背、肠、腿”3个。每一个语义场内的词，我们都给出一个表格，给出这个词应用的规模和场内的相干词义，使之了如指掌。全文共由几章构成、第一章为绪论，重要引见了研究对象和规模、研究的目标和意义、研究的现状、研究的资料和办法、研究的步调等。第二章为“女、男、人”；第三章为“皮、肤、肉、血、骨”；第四章为“油、卵、角、尾、羽、发”；第五章为“头、耳、眼、鼻、嘴、牙、舌”；第六章为“爪、脚、膝、手”，第七章为“腹、颈、胸、心、肝”，第八章为“背、肠、腿”；第九章为结语，归纳综合俄语身材焦点词的特色及其状态。身材词的代表词普通都具有很年夜的稳固性，特别是剖解学术语。词义的演化重要是按着两个门路来引伸：一是基于类似性联想的隐喻，一是基于相干性联想的转喻。同时也指出了本研究的立异点和缺乏。我们这个研究的立异点重要有：（1）以斯瓦迪士的《二百词表》中的身材词为基本，将每一个身材词都看作一个语义场加以研究，这在俄语辞汇的研究中尚属首例。我们对俄语身材焦点词停止了绝对穷尽的描述剖析，同时尽可能找出其斯拉夫语系的同源词，不只可以看到俄语词义演化的进程，还可以看到这个词形的演化进程。这一研究年夜年夜弥补了俄语研究的一块空白之地。（2）经由过程对身材焦点词语源的描述，可以追溯其起源。它们或是俄语或斯拉夫语自己就有的固有词，反应了这个词独有的斯拉夫平易近族的特征。或是借自于其他印欧系说话中的词，在借用的进程中，或许按着斯拉夫语本来的构词情势有所转变，或许借用了一部门词根，这一部门词中，在印欧语系中可以找到许多词义绝对应的词，词义演化进程中，显示了人类认知的个性。（3）经由过程词义演化的考核，我们不只懂得到辞汇的成长汗青，并且也看到了俄语汗青文明成长的轨迹。如俄语中的“牙”还可以指“（城堡的）雉堞”，这是由于世界各地在构筑城墙或城池时采取了相似凸凹的齿形的这一外形，从词义的演化中可以看出古文明的遗址。俄语中表现“爪”意义的词，还可以表现印刷术语“引号”，这两者又是类似性基本上所发生的词义引伸。如许的例子不胜枚举，这可使我们的研究进一步的扩展，不只从说话学的角度去考核，还可以从汗青文明的角度考核。 Abstract: Focus words is the most fundamental and most focus of the Department, it has changed slowly, with the exception of the stability of the. The focus word in addition to escape, still growing out of other items, and these items actually is not arbitrary whims. Instead of obeying a certain discipline, the reaction of human cognition. The meaning extension, actually not only in a speech there, in other words also exist, the reaction of the cognitive similarity. Of course, the differences of the people, but also a cognitive difference. We in swadesh's "100 word list" for according to of Russian on body organ or body organ part stop exhaustive collection, to rectify the unified concept semantic venue of all the members of the regime and its semantic growth evolution discipline, especially some compared with Slavic ethnic characteristics of cognition and make appropriate reasonable explanation. We build words as a research center, figure words belong to the concept of focus, every concept have many words, a semantic field comprise, exhaustively find approach all relevant words, although fall performed meticulous research. Although there are many studies on the meaning of Chinese and Russian, but from the point of view, from the perspective of the semantic field of Russian body language and the body organs of the body as a research object, our research is the first. In each semantic field, we list all the representatives of all the words, carefully analysis. In the us to control the size of, the Slavic three years Japanese branch] Slavic branch, West Slavic branch, South Slavic branch also work out the whys of cognate words, and in the Indo European speaking also find some similar examples stop for, as far as possible, in the amount of night talk reality to explain the semantic evolution of personality. "Contains 100 focus for us after a hundred vocabulary about 33 figure words stop the comprehensive discussion of the focus word is divided into six departments, the first part contains" female and male, "three; the second part contains" skin, skin, flesh, blood, bone "5; the third sector contains oil, eggs, angle, tail, feather," six; the fourth department head, ear, eye, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue "7; the fifth sector includes a claw, foot, knee, hand" 4. The six departments including "abdomen, neck, chest, heart and liver" 5. The seven departments after 100 focus word back, intestinal, legs "3. Each semantic exchange of words, we give a table, usage of the word given scale and on the floor of the coherent meaning, so like the palm of my hand. The full text is composed of several chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the research object and scale, the goal and significance of the research, the status of the research, the research methods, the research steps, etc.. The second chapter is "female, male and female". The third chapter is "skin, skin, meat, blood, bone". The fourth chapter is "oil, egg, angle, tail, feather, hair". The fifth chapter is "head, ears, eyes, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue". The seventh chapter is "abdomen, neck, chest, heart, liver". The eighth chapter is "back, intestines, legs". The ninth chapter is the conclusion. A word representing a word generally has a very stable, especially for academic analysis. The meaning of evolution is important in two opportunities to extension: one is based on the similar association of metaphor and metonymy Lenovo coherence based on. At the same time also pointed out that the innovation of this study and the lack of. Have the major innovation of this study: (1) on the base of the word swadesh's "two hundred words list" in the body, every body words as a semantic field are discussed, which in Russian speech study is the first case. We of the Russian figure focus words stopped absolutely exhaustive description analysis, at the same time as far as possible to find out its Slavic cognate words, not only can see the Russian word meaning evolution process, can also see the evolution of the morphology. This research has made up a blank space in the Russian language. (2) a description of the source of the body of the body through the process can be traced back to its origin. Either Russian or Slavic themselves some inherent in the word, the reaction of the characteristics of the word is in sole possession of the Slavic peoples. Or borrow from words in other Indo European speaking, in use process, perhaps by Slavic originally the word situation change, probably borrowed from the root, the departments, in the Indo European language family can find many meanings should be absolutely words, word charity in the process, showing the character of human cognition. (3) through the assessment of word meaning evolution, we not only understand the growth history of the vocabulary, but also see the development of Russian history and civilization. Such as in Russian "teeth" can also mean "(Castle battlements". This is because all over the world to build a wall or city take the similar of convex and concave tooth profile of this shape, from the evolution of the meaning of a word can be seen in the ruins of the ancient civilization. Russian performance "claw" meaning of the word, can also display printing terminology "quotes", both of which is similarity based on the extension of meaning. This example which allows us to be too numerous to enumerate, the study further expansion, not only 目录: |
