| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文范文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 任一平易近族的说话中都有一类特殊成心思的词，用于表现人们之间的亲属关系，这类词就被称作亲属称呼词（термины родства）。本文将比较剖析汉、俄语中的亲属关系术语。欧洲说话学是在现实运用汗青比拟说话研究法以后，才涌现对亲属关系术语化做说话学的研究。我们发明，保朴（汗青比拟说话学奠定人）在他的一些著作中初次测验考试比较研究印欧语中专门表亲属的名词。他比较研究这些词是想证明印欧说话的同源关系。同时，随后的说话学家们又提出，亲属词的比拟研究可以或许反应一些作用印欧国民成长汗青的不雅念的构成（这里重要指汗青上的父权优先制这一“哲学”不雅念）。这一研究偏向不只是上世纪，乃至是到二十世纪中期印欧说话学的特点之一。而中国传统说话学重要以为“亲属术语”用于对人的称谓。很轻易找到古时就有的称名方面的文献。古时的称名实际广泛认可称号的“兵器性功用”（“орудийность”），孔子有句名言能反应这一思惟：“名不正，则言不顺，言不顺，则事不成；名正，则言顺，言顺，则事成”。由此看出，中国前人以为“称号”是接洽一切事物的本源，在这一本源上构成了互相有亲缘关系和社会品级，俄语论文范文，或临盆进程接洽的人们在社会中的次序。在现代中国“名”、“言”、“事”的互相关系不只是哲学常常存眷的成绩，语文学也常常存眷，我国出书的一系列古汉语辞书可以解释这一点。《释名》就是个中之一，它编成于公元前2世纪。作者刘熙对包含亲属称呼在内的称号的语音停止了追根溯源。虽然如今看来刘熙其时得出的结论年夜都是毛病的，但他对亲属称呼的熟悉值得确定。正如他说的：“任何事物的称号都有某种肯定意义。普通人天天都用称号来称谓事物，但却不晓得如许称谓的缘由。所以我按天与地、明与暗、四时、城市国度、马车、丧服等直到普通人运用的物件的称号来支配，经由过程指明称号的起源来说明这一切，就把这本作品称作《释名》（说明称号）”。确切，刘熙在说明“称号”起源时，起首都是准确懂得它们的语义内容，由于他信任只要准确懂得“称号”能力精确地运用它们。例如，他以为亲属称呼“父”的准确懂得是：该称呼称名的人和用该称呼称谓某亲属的人在互相来往中都应遵照响应的行动标准，个中父辈有义务教导后代，父权制，父亲有至高的权利，而后代要孝顺服从怙恃。其他任一亲属称呼都有相似的功效，例如在中国人不雅念中，丈夫的哥哥“年夜伯子”与弟弟的老婆“弟妇”之间不克不及表示的密切、暗昧，这一行动准则两千多年根本没变，乃至这时代表现这类亲戚关系的称呼产生了变更。如许看来，现代中国文献中载录的亲属称呼及其分类准绳除能反应现代中国婚姻家庭这一特别组织的特点外，更能反应现代中国人所以为的亲族中的公道标准。换句话说，称呼不只是表亲属关系的手腕，还能用于划定人们在平常生涯（“事”）中响应的行动准则（“言”），反应亲属体系这一社会轨制的特点，终究反应全部社会生涯。因为术语反应社会生涯同任何其他说话景象反应实际一样，不是镜面式地，而是多方面、分条理地，能够由于许多其他社会身分而变得庞杂，研究者在对某平易近族亲属称呼停止说话学剖析时不能不斟酌那些繁化亲属称呼反应实际的社会身分，它们对亲属称呼一些特点的构成有作用。亲属称呼特色与该平易近族社会生涯某些方面特点之间的互相关系，许多水平上只要经由过程该平易近族与其他平易近族亲属称呼的比较研究能力表示出来。这么一来我们不只会清晰平易近族间称呼各亲属的差别，还能弄明确这些差别发生的根由。出于这类对亲属称呼说话学研究需要性的懂得，本文将比较剖析汉俄亲属称呼。论文由媒介、注释、结论、参考文献和附录五部门组成。第1、二章从说话学角度分离剖析汉语、俄语中的亲属称呼。第三章将在具体剖析后面亲属称呼的基本上，联合汉俄平易近族社会生涯一些方面的特点，归结出一些结论。结论中对全部论文的研究结果停止总结。附录中罗列了俄汉语中罕见的亲属称呼。 Abstract: To speak of any of the peoples have a special kind of mind words, for kinship between people, this kind of word is called relatives appellation words (, e, m, by hallux, Liapunov to customers, we pgfla). This paper will compare the analysis of kinship terms in Chinese and russian. Europe is relatively speaking after talking research in the practical application of history, until the emergence of doing research on learning to speak of kinship terminology. We found that conservation park (historical analogy in learning to speak to lay people) in some of his works in the first test comparison research Indo European specialized table relative term. He is a comparative study of these words is to prove that the homology of Indo European. At the same time, subsequent talk scientists proposed, kinship terms of comparative study might reflect some of the effects of Indo European national development history of the concept of a (very important here refers to read the history of patriarchal first of the "philosophy" indecent). This research not only tend to last century, even to speak of the characteristics of the mid twentieth Century Indo european. And Chinese speak the important thought "traditional kinship terminology" for a person's name. Find the ancient name of some aspects of the literature. The ancient said actual widely recognized title "weapon function" (Liapunov, and betel, souffl by Liapunov customers, has "), Confucius had a saying can reflect the thought:" name is not correct, the words, words will not ring true, is impossible; Mingzheng, is Yan Shun, Yan Shun, all wishes come true. " This shows that previous Chinese thought "title" is to contact the source of all things, on the origin of this constitutes the phylogenetic relationships and social grade to each other, or birthing approached the people in the social order. Grades in the inter relationship of modern China "name", "words", "thing" is not just philosophy often concern and learn the language often concern, China published a series of ancient Chinese dictionary can explain this. "Release" is one of the Chinese, it compiled in the second Century b.c.. Author Liu Xi speech on kinship terms, the title contains stop tracing. Although now it seems Liu Xiqi concluded that Eve is wrong, but he is determined to relatives call familiar. As he said: "everything has a certain meaning of title. Ordinary people every day with the title referring to things, but do not know the reason such appellation. So I according to the title of heaven and earth, bright and dark, four, the National City, carriage, mourning and until ordinary people application objects to dominate, through the origin of the process specified in title to explain all of this, put the book called "Shiming" (that title). " The exact origin of Liu Xi, in the title of "capital", is precisely understand their semantic content, because he knows the title of "trust as long as accurate" ability to accurately apply them. For example, if he thinks that relatives called "father" accurate understanding is: the call said the name and the title refer to some relatives in contact with each other should be in accordance with response action standard, medium parents have an obligation to teach future generations, patriarchy, father has the supreme right and later, to filial obedience to parents. Any other names of relatives have a similar effect, such as in the Chinese don't ya, her husband's brother "of the eve of the primary sub" and my brother's wife "sister-in-law" cannot close, ambiguous, the principles of action for more than 2000 years didn't change., and this time the relatives of the relationship between the address has changed. Such opinion, principle and classification of modern Chinese literature recorded the names of relatives in addition to reflect modern Chinese marriage and family this special organization characteristics of, reaction of modern Chinese people believe kindred reasonable standard. In other words, call is not only related to wrist, can also be used to delineate the people in daily life ("things") in response to the principle of action ("words"), reaction kinship system society in the rail system, after all, reaction all social life. Because the reaction term social career with any other language scene was actually the same, not mirror type, but many, logically, can be due to many other social identity and become complicated, researchers in a plain near family relatives call stop talking analysis can't do not consider those simplified names of relatives response to actual social identity, they to relatives call some of the characteristics of constitution. The mutual relationship between the names of relatives characteristics and the plain near family social career some characteristics, many levels on as long as through the process of the ethnic and other plain near family relatives called comparative study ability expressed. In this way we will not only clear plain near family called the difference between the relatives, but also make clear the difference occurred. For this class of kinship terms in research need to know how to speak, this paper will compare the analysis of kinship terms in Chinese and russian. The media, comments, conclusion, references and appendix five parts. First, the two chapter from the perspective of separation analysis, Chinese speaking in Russian kinship terms. The third chapter will address the specific analysis in behind relatives basically, combined with Chinese and Russian peoples social life some of the characteristics, summed up some conclusions. Conclusion in the research on all the results of this summary. The appendix lists rare in Russian and Chinese kinship terms. 目录: |
