| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 自在主义是近代欧洲社会的一种重要思惟派别,而俄国自在主义则是在东方自在主义海潮的冲击下发生和成长起来的,具有分歧于欧洲的特色。俄国自在主义在其成长的进程中涌现了很多的类型和流派。18世纪初彼得一世的欧化改造客不雅上为东方自在主义的传入和成长供给了优越的情况与温床。在叶卡捷琳娜二世和亚历山年夜一世时代,俄国起首涌现了当局自在主义。19世纪30—40年月,斯拉夫派和东方派睁开了年夜评论辩论,使俄国常识份子活泼了起来,到1861年的年夜改造后期,自在主义流派正式构成。1905年反动后俄国立宪平易近主党的成立,使自在主义开端以党派的情势涌现。1918年1月,立宪会议被闭幕,标记着俄国自在主义的式微。苏联成立今后,对思惟文明严厉管束,使自在主义进入了一个长久的高潮期。然则,跟着苏联小我崇敬的逐步消除,特殊是苏共二十年夜今后,苏联涌现了持分歧政见者活动,这是俄国自在主义回生的一种表示,成为苏联终究崩溃的一个身分。苏联崩溃后,自在主义进入了一个长久的中兴期,然则它其实不能担负起改革国度的重担,因而终究走向式微。 Abstract: Liberalism is the modern European society an important ideological factions, and Russian liberalism is in under the Oriental comfortable doctrine of the tide impact happen and grow up, has different characteristics in Europe. Russian liberalism has emerged a lot of types and schools in the process of its growth. 18 century Peter life the Europeanization reform objectively for the introduction and growth of Oriental liberalism supply the superior and hotbed. In Ekaterina S and Alexander's era, the emergence of the first Russian authorities liberalism. 19th century 30 - 40 years, Slavophiles and Oriental School opened comments of the eve of the debate, the Russian intellectual lively up, to 1861, the eve of the late reformation, liberal school officially formed. After the revolution of 1905, the establishment of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Russia, so that liberalism began to emerge in the form of party. In January 1918, the constitutional convention was closed, marking the decline of Russian liberalism. The Soviet Union was established in the future, the ideological civilization strict control, so that liberalism has entered a long period of high. However, follow the Soviet person revered gradually eliminated, special is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 20 the eve of the future, the Soviet Union emerged to dissent activity, which is a kind of representation of Russian liberalism retrogradation, become eventually the Soviet Union Collapse of an element. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, liberalism entered a long period of time, but it can not afford the burden of reform of the country, and eventually to decline. 目录: 摘要 4-5 Abstract 5-6 前言 8-12 一、选题意义 8 二、探讨近况 8-12 一、18-19世纪俄国自由主义的萌芽 12-20 (一) 俄国自由主义诞生的社会经济基础及其类型 12-15 (二) 彼得一世时期的俄国自由主义 15-17 (三) 叶卡捷琳娜二世时期的政府自由主义 17-18 (四) 亚历山大一世时期政府自由主义的发展及官僚自由主义的出现 18-20 二、19世纪至20世纪初俄国自由主义的发展 20-32 (一) 共济会与十二月党人—俄国贵族自由主义的里程碑 20-22 (二) 19世纪30-40年代俄国资产阶级自由主义派别的初步形成 22-24 (三) 自由派与地方自治机关 24-27 (四) 解放联盟与立宪民主党 27-32 三、20世纪初以后的俄国自由主义 32-37 (一) 苏联时期的持不同政见者运动 32-33 (二) 20世纪末俄国自由主义的复兴 33-35 (三) 1993年“十月事件”后自由主义走向低潮 35-37 注释 37-42 致谢 42 |
