| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 犹太人是俄国境内一支主要的多数平易近族,18世纪末俄国成为犹太生齿最集中的国度。19世纪80年月俄国产生的反犹活动在犹太近代史上发生了主要的作用。反犹活动平日在中间城镇产生,随即分散到四周的地域,依照如许的形式产生了3次反犹海潮。俄国东北地域的8个省、200多个城镇卷入个中,犹太人被攻击,他们的产业遭到掳掠或损坏。反犹活动的产生是各类身分综协影响的成果。反犹活动迫使犹太人从新思虑本平易近族的前程成绩,犹太人选择的自我救赎之路对后世作用深远。本文重要分为四个部门：第一部门重要研讨俄国犹太人的构成并阐述犹太人在俄国社会位置的演化。俄国犹太人年夜部门来源于东迁的东方犹太人,部门是哈扎尔犹太人的后嗣。从11世纪到19世纪,犹太人在俄国的社会位置阅历了绝对自在时代、被驱赶时代、被限制异化时代和年夜进步时代。第二部门研讨俄国反犹活动产生的缘由。东正教与犹太教的宗教抵触是俄国人敌视犹太人的基本；亚历山年夜二世时代,犹太人社会位置进步是抵触激化的基本缘由；19世纪后半期,俄公民族主义的成长和种族主义的流传,推进了反犹情感的低落；亚历山年夜二世的遇袭是反犹活动产生的直接缘由。第三部门重要阐述了俄国反犹活动的三次海潮。反犹活动是俄国大众自觉组织的,沙皇当局、神圣兄弟会与社会主义反动者并没有谋划动员反犹活动。反犹活动的介入者重要是俄国东北地域的低支出阶层和家当劳工。俄国国际的分歧集团和国际社会的分歧组织与国度分离表达对反犹活动的分歧立场。第四部门重要阐述了俄国反犹活动的作用。年夜范围的反犹暴力海潮迫使俄国犹太人停止反思,寻觅新的前途：1、犹太人走上复国主义途径,在巴勒斯坦地域树立本身的平易近族之乡；2、俄国犹太人移平易近他国,个中移平易近美国的人数最多,他们为美国的繁华和浩瀚的美国犹太人社区奠基了基本；3、犹太人介入俄国社会主义反动,争夺犹太人的对等权力。 Abstract: The Jews in Russia is one of the main most people at the end of eighteenth Century, Russia became the most concentrated Jewish population of the country. The anti Jewish activities of Russia in the 80 years of nineteenth Century had a major impact on the modern history of the Jews. Anti Semitic activities on weekdays in the town center produced and then dispersed to the surrounding areas, in accordance with such form produced three anti Semitic tide. 8 provinces, more than 200 cities and towns in northeast region of the Russian Jews were involved in the attack, they were looted or damaged industry. The production of anti Jewish activities is the result of all kinds of factors. Anti Jewish activities forced the Jews from the new consideration of the future achievements of the people, the way of self redemption of the Jews to the future generations of far-reaching. This article is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the composition of Russian Jews and expounds the evolution of the Jewish community in Russia. The majority of Russian Jews from east Eastern Jews, Hazar is Jewish heritage department. From eleventh Century to nineteenth Century, the Jews in Russia's social position has experienced the absolute freedom of the times, was driven out of the times, is restricted to the era of alienation and the age of progress. The second section discusses the reasons for the anti Jewish activities in Russia. Orthodox Jewish religious conflict is the Russians hostile to the Jews; Alexander II era, Jewish social position progress is root cause of the conflict intensified; the latter half of the 19th century, Russian public nationalism growth and racism spread, and promote the anti Semitic feeling depressed; Alexander II's attack is the direct cause of the anti Semitic activities. The third sector is important expounded Russia three tide of anti Semitic activities. Anti Jewish activities are organized by the Russian public, the Russian government, the holy brotherhood and the socialist revolution did not plan to mobilize anti Jewish activities. Anti Semitic activities involved in the important Russian northeast region's low spending levels and family labour. The differences between Russia and the international community and the separation of the international community and the state of separation and expression of anti activities of the different positions. The fourth section describes the impact of the anti Jewish activities in Russia. The eve of the range of anti Semitic tide of violence forced the Russian Jews reflection, looking for promising new: 1, Jewish Zionist way, in the Palestinian territories to establish itself plain near family town; 2, Russian Jewish immigrants in his country, medium immigration near the United States the number of most of them American prosperity and vast diaspora communities in the United States laid the basic; 3, the Jews involved in the Russian Socialist Revolution, the Jews for the powers are equal. 目录: |
