| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，俄语论文，内容请直接查看目录。） 纵不雅普列汉诺夫的平生,他的政治途径康庄大道,他的哲学思惟瑕瑜互见。在马克思主义哲学成长史上,他是一名比拟庞杂但又占领特别位置的人物。在国外亡命的37年(1880—1917)里,他从未中止过研究和宣扬马克思主义哲学实际,他穷其平生都在保持从事着哲学实际的研究。恰是因为他历久做着专门的实际研究和他小我的勤恳尽力,如许就招致他的实际作品非常丰硕和触及范畴非常辽阔,乃至是作用力和进献度也是非常强的,这也就使得他在同时期的马克思主义思惟家中是寥寥可数的。但也正因他研究范畴的辽阔,他的哲学思惟既有其优点,也有其难以免的缺点和缺乏。普列汉诺夫的哲学思惟阅历了变更成长,特别是他的政治生活庞杂多变、充斥抵触。1903年之前,他在与俄公民粹主义停止反戈一击的奋斗时,逐步接收并宣扬马克思主义思惟,从而产生了从平易近粹主义向马克思主义的改变；在与国际机遇主义的论争中,他保卫过马克思主义,并对马克思主义哲学的成长做过量方面的进献,但他的思惟也包括着某些缺点,乃至后来酿成机遇主义的不雅点。1903年今后,他在政治上逐步向孟什维克倾斜,可他其实不是自此就成了一位果断不移的孟什维克者,而是在1903年至1914年的这十多年中,其政治立场扭捏不定。在政治立场产生改变之初,为保护党内同一,他测验考试清除布尔什维克与孟什维克之间的分岐,这只是暂缓了抵触的迸发。在他政治立场扭捏不定的时代,他曾果断否决过孟什维克的撤消派,正如列宁所说,他在本身政治立场不明的时代采用了某种“特别的立场”。这一时代他在哲学上依然写出了一些比拟好的作品,也曾否决新康德主义和马赫主义,与列宁成为盟友。但1914年第一次世界年夜战迸发后,他完整采用了社会沙文主义的立场。1917年俄国二月反动以后,他回到了俄国。对于1917年俄国的十月反动,他持否决的立场,但与考茨基及其他孟什维克者们有所分歧,他其实不进击苏维埃政权。总的来说,普列汉诺夫是一名优良的马克思主义哲学家,他仍不掉为俄国马克思主义的出色代表。在1903年以后,普列汉诺夫的政治立场产生了误差,逐渐倾向孟什维克,并成为一位机遇主义者,乃至在1914年转向社会沙文主义。因为他前期毛病的政治立场,导致人们以偏概全地评价他全部的思惟,包含他的哲学思惟,乃至质疑他前期的哲学思惟。对于普列汉诺夫平生的长短功过,特别是他前期的哲学思惟,我们应当卖力、公平、客不雅地作出评价。为此,本文试图经由过程对他前期所写的一部优良作品《俄国社会思惟史》和他前期政治立场的改变停止研究,来剖析他前期的哲学思惟,从而到达周全熟悉和评价普列汉诺夫这小我。经由过程浏览剖析普列汉诺夫前期作品《俄国社会思惟史》,进一步提炼个中的哲学思惟,为接上去论述他前期哲学思惟和剖析他哲学思惟的演变作出需要的条件预备。本文重要是经由过程研究和剖析他前期政治立场的改变和他前期的哲学思惟,进一步剖析他前期政治立场与前期哲学思惟能否存在着接洽。在简略懂得普列汉诺夫全部哲学思惟和政治立场的变更后,我们可以晓得他早期在哲学上保卫的仍然是准确的器械,但我们又能很确定地晓得他早期在政治上是“腐化的”,那末为何他早期的政治与哲学存在着如许的抵触呢?这一成绩将在文中作出剖析息争答。在反动情势急剧变更的谁人年月,普列汉诺夫在本身的政治立场长进退维谷,他既主意进步,又否决冒进,他既果断不移的渴求社会主义的完成,又极端畏惧强权与暴力抵触。岂论普列汉诺夫在组织道路,政治战略甚至思惟实际上犯了如何的毛病,无须置疑的是他并未否决社会主义反动,并未疑惑社会主义终将到来。作为马克思的信徒和马克思主义在俄国流传的前驱,普列汉诺夫自始至终信任社会主义终将到来,而本钱主义终会掉败。普列汉诺夫是一名作用很年夜的汗青人物,在俄国无产阶层反动活动和国际共产主义活动的剧烈而又庞杂的奋斗中,他饰演了主要的脚色。在马克思主义实际和哲学社会迷信研究方面,他又是一名功劳卓越的出色实际家。对他的各类作品及思惟的研究在明天仍然有着极其主要的感化和意义。 Abstract: For the longitudinal indecent Plekhanov, his political philosophy and his way of broad road. In the history of the development of Marx's philosophy, he is a more complex but also occupy the special position of the characters. In the 37 years of expatriate (1880 - 1917), he never stopped studying and promote Marxism practical philosophy, he was poor and the life in is engaged in the research of practical philosophy. Is precisely because of his long-term doing actual professional research and his personal diligent effort, such as the promise to lead to his actual work very fruitful and involve the scope is vast, and even influence and contribution degree is very strong, which makes him in the same period of Marxist thinking home are few and far between. But also because of his broad scope of research, his philosophical thinking has its advantages, but also its difficult to avoid the shortcomings and lack of. Plekhanov's philosophy has changed his life, especially his political life is complicated and changeable, and full of conflict. Prior to 1903, he in fangeyiji with the Russian public populist struggle, gradually receives and promote Marxist thought, resulting in a plain near the pure doctrine from the change to Marxism; in the debate of the doctrine of international opportunities, he defended Marxism, and the Marxist philosophy of growing up to do excessive contribution, but his thoughts also includes a certain shortcomings and later lead to opportunistic indecent point. In 1903, his political gradually to the Menshevik tilt, he wasn't ever since the a firm does not shift the Menshevik party, but in 1903 to 1914, the 10 years, its political stance tweaking uncertain. In political positions produce change at the beginning of, for the protection of the same party A, he test clear divergence between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, which just defer the conflict burst. In the era of the self-conscious of his political position, he has decisively rejected the Mensheviks undo send, as Lenin said, he in the era itself politically unknown the a "special position". In this time he still wrote some good works in philosophy, and also rejected the new doctrine of Marxism and Maher, and Lenin became an ally. But in 1914 the first World War broke out, he used the social chauvinism position. He returned to Russia after the February revolution in Russia in 1917. On the October 1917 Russian Revolution, he holds veto position, but with Kautsky and other Menshevik researchers differ. In fact, he is not a onslaught of the Soviet regime. In general, Plekhanov is an excellent Marx philosopher, he still does not fall for the outstanding representative of Russian Marx doctrine. In 1903, Plekhanov's political position generates an error. Gradually tend to the Mensheviks, and become a opportunists, and in 1914 to social chauvinism. Because of the problems of his previous political stance, resulting in people generalize evaluation of all his thoughts, contained in his philosophical thinking and questioning his early philosophical thinking. Plekhanov life length of the merits and demerits, especially his early philosophical thinking, we should be responsible and fair, passenger indecent make a comment. For this, this article attempts through the process to his earlier written a fine book "Russian social thought history" and the change of his early political position to discuss, to analyze his early philosophy thought, so as to arrive at a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of Plekhanov this ego. Through the process of the analysis of the early works of Plekhanov, "the history of Russian Social Thought", to further refine the philosophical thinking, to discuss his early philosophical thinking and analysis of the evolution of his philosophical thinking to make the necessary conditions for preparation. This article is mainly through the process of research and analysis of the changes in his early political position and his early philosophical thinking, to further analyze his political position and the early philosophical thinking there is a contact. After a brief understanding of the changes in Plekhanov's philosophical and political positions, we can know that his early philosophical defense is still an accurate instrument, but we know very well that he was "corrupt" early in politics. Why does his early political and philosophical conflict exist?. In the reactionary regime changing rapidly who years, Plekhanov in their own political stance long between the devil and the deep blue sea, he not only idea progress and reject aggressive, he is determined not to shift the demand of socialism and extreme fear power, and violent conflict. No doubt as to the fact that Plekhanov had made a mistake in organizing the road, political strategy and even thinking, and there was no doubt that he did not reject the socialist revolution, and did not doubt that socialism would eventually come. As a precursor to Marx's disciples and the spread of Marx doctrine in Russia, Plekhanov always believe that socialism will eventually come, and capitalism will fail. Plekhanov is an influence on the history of a very large figure, in the Russian revolutionary activities and the activities of the international communist movement 目录: |
