| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 对英国而言，近代中亚无疑是一个伟大的引诱。中亚邻接英属印度，掌握中亚既可稳固英国在印度的殖平易近统治，又可扩展英国在亚洲的商品市场和投资场合。英国在中亚扩大的壮大敌手是俄国。从克里米亚战斗停止到第一次世界年夜战迸发，英国和俄国争取中亚的“年夜比赛”从未连续过。英国的中亚政策很年夜水平上是针对俄国的政策。英国的中亚政策跟着国际外情势的成长变更而变更。本文将英国中亚政策的演化分为四个阶段1856一1874年为第一阶段，英国当局实行的是谨严推动的“精明有为”政策。克里米亚战斗后，由于俄国交际重心从东方转向西方，积极向中亚推动，英国的中亚政策面对更多阻力和挑衅。1857—1859年印度平易近族年夜起义使英国当局心不足悸。虽然英国国际有人主意积极的“进步”政策，但自在党当局照样选择了谨严的“精明有为”政策。该政策重要表现在三个方面第一，英印当局与阿富汗签署了一系列合同，增强了对阿富汗的政治渗入渗出。第二，俄语论文，自动与俄国杀青原谅，特殊是与俄国杀青了1873年协定。第三，日趋增强对印度各土邦的掌握，以避免俄国从中亚对印度停止渗入渗出。1874一1882年为第二阶段，英国当局实行积极争取的“向前挺进”政策。“精明有为”政策客不雅上有益于俄国完成对中亚的驯服。1874年守旧党下台后转变了英国的中亚政策，实施积极争取的“向前挺进”政策。该政策重要表现在1、动员第二次阿富汗战斗，武力争取阿富汗。2、征剿印度东南边疆自力部族。3、从政治、经济、文明等方面全方位争取中亚。“进步”政策将英俄争取中亚的“年夜比赛”推向热潮。1882一1907年是第三阶段，英国当局实行与俄国互相勾搭的“联手瓜分”政策。在本钱主义列强掀起瓜分怒潮、对中亚的争取年夜局已定的配景下，俄语论文，英国当局与俄国联袂规定阿富汗界限，不法私分了帕米尔地域，瓜分了在波斯的权势规模。联手瓜分政策是国际情势产生严重转变的成果。1907一1914年是第四阶段，英国当局实行的是还价讨价的“有用占据”政策。这里的还价讨价重要环绕着1907年《英俄协约》睁开。英国国际对《英俄协约》睁开了剧烈的争辩。波斯反动时代，英俄两国暗自叫真，但为了保护《英俄协约》，英国容忍了俄国对波斯的年夜范围入侵，而本身增强了在波斯南部渗入渗出和扩大，特殊是对波斯石油的抢夺。阿富汗在英俄眼中显得横冲直撞，英国妄图重塑在阿富汗的威望。英俄两国还在中国西藏尔虞我诈。但是第一次世界年夜战的迸发使《英俄协约》忽然终结。 Abstract: For Britain, Central Asia is no doubt a great temptation. Central Asia adjacent to British India, the master of Central Asia can not only stabilize the British colonial rule in India, but also to expand the UK's commodity markets and investment in asia. Britain's expansion in Central Asia is the expansion of the opponent is russia. From the Crimean War stop to the outbreak of the first World War, Britain and Russia for Central Asia's "big game" never continuous. Britain's Central Asian policy is a very large level for Russia's policy. Britain's Central Asian policy changes with the growth of the international situation. In this paper, the evolution of the British Central Asian policy is divided into four stages in 1856 - 1874 as the first stage, imposed by the British authorities, is cautious to promote smart promising "policy. After the battle of Crimea, due to the focus of Russian communication from the east to the west, to promote central Asia, the United Kingdom's Central Asian policy in the face of more resistance and provocation. 1857 - 1859 India nationality university uprising British authorities lack of heart palpitations. Although the England international idea positive "progress" policy, but the Freedom Party authorities still chose the cautious "smart promising" policy. The policy is important in three aspects, first, the British and Indian authorities signed a series of contracts with Afghanistan, to strengthen the political infiltration of afghanistan. Second, automatic forgiveness and Russian special fixing, with Russia reached agreement in 1873. Third, increasing of India states to master, in order to avoid Russia from Central Asia to India to stop infiltration. 1874 in 1882 for the second phase, the British authorities to actively strive for the "forward" policy. Shrewd and promising policy on the right to help Russia to complete the completion of the Central Asian tame. After the Conservative Party stepped down in 1874, it changed Britain's Central Asia policy and implemented the policy of "forward march". The policy is an important performance in 1, the mobilization of the second Afghan war, the force to fight for afghanistan. 2, India southeast border tribal self suppression. 3, from the political, economic, cultural and other aspects of the whole fight for central asia. Progress policy will be the British and Russia for Central Asia, the eve of the game to a boom. 1882 1907 is the third stage, the British and Russian authorities to implement the "to carve up each other" policy. In the capitalist powers set off to carve up the tide, in Central Asia for the eve of the Bureau has been set for the background, authorities in the UK and Russia jointly provisions boundaries in Afghanistan, illegal divide the Pamir region, to carve up the scale of power in the Persian. To divide up the policy is the result of a serious change in the international situation. 1907 1914 is the fourth stage, the British authorities implement the bargaining "useful to occupy" policy. Here's an important bargaining "between Britain and Russia around 1907 the" open. The British International "open" treaty between Britain and Russia in a fierce argument. The Persian revolution, Britain and Russia secretly called the true, but in order to protect the Anglo Russian convention, Britain tolerated Russian of Persia large-scale invasion, and strengthen the in the southern Persian infiltration and expansion, especially on the Persian oil to snatch. In Afghanistan, Britain and Russia seem to reshape the rampage, British prestige in afghanistan. Britain and Russia in Tibet Chinese intrigues. But the burst of the first World War. "The Anglo Russian treaty" ends suddenly. 目录: |
