| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 1921年俄国年夜饥馑是俄国20世纪汗青上有名的年夜事宜。固然历来就惹起中外史家的看重，但国际却鲜有人对这一成绩停止过较为体系的研究。本文以美国救援署对192 1年年夜饥馑的支援作为研究这一成绩的切入点，试图对饥馑发生缘由、详细状态、汗青位置和美国支援对饥馑清除的感化、支援的目标及其给苏美关系带来的作用做出较为深刻、体系的商量。本文的根本不雅点是：饥馑的产生是汗青必定性与有时性联合的产品，新经济政策的实行是饥馑清除的最重要缘由，而美国支援是其需要的先决前提。俄美两边在配合好处的基本上，彼此心胸仇视所停止的协作，明示出更加广泛的意义：文明不雅念的分歧其实不足以成为国际争端中的主导性身分。本文重要分为四个部门：第一部门，俄国饥馑发生缘由和配景的辨析。俄国多次农业改造未能适当地处理人地关系是饥馑产生的基本缘由。布尔什维克党未能实时地终止军事共产主义政策的实施减轻了灾荒的水平。天然灾祸仅仅是一种有时的身分。第二部门，俄美协作的缘由及里加会谈。俄国熟悉到仅仅依附本国的力气没法敷衍饥馑，不克不及再自我拘泥于认识形状的囚笼。美国供给支援的缘由有：减缓本国农产物的发卖压力、争夺释放在俄关押的美国国民、人性主义、反布尔什维克心态等。两边在商谈协作的进程中弥合了最重要的不合即美国救援署行为自力性成绩，终究成果是苏俄当局获得了对救援署的监控权，并使救援署包管不介入政治运动，俄语毕业论文，美方则取得了尽量普遍的接触灾区国民的机遇。第三部门，美国救援署救援的进程。美国救援人员以很高的效力起首为俄国儿童供给了食品、医疗，而且使受害群体敏捷从中间城市扩大到荒僻罕见村庄。为了扩展救援的力度，俄语论文网站，也为了使美国多余农产物流向俄国，救援署取得了国会拨款，开端向成年人供给救援。而且经由过程展开食品汇款筹划，争夺本国平易近间的支援，又为来年的农业临盆供给了种子粮。其间，美国救援人员战胜了运输成绩、治理人员、技巧人员缺少、俄国当局的猜疑等困难。两边也就俄国食粮出口成绩睁开争辩。最初跟着新经济政策的睁开，美国救援任务变得加倍顺遂，也加倍趋近于到达救援的目的。第四部门，俄国饥馑的清除与救援任务总结。因为新经济政策准确处置了人地关系、工农业成长次序等成绩，调动了农人的临盆积极性，再加上气象的恶化， Abstract: In 1921 the Russian famine is Nianye Russian twentieth Century history of the famous big issues. It has always been valued by Chinese and foreign historians, but the few people on this achievement stopped systematic research. The United States relief agency in 1921, the eve of the famine of the support as a starting point for the achievement of this research is to the famine occurrence reason, with state, historical position and American support of famine scavenging effect, support and make more deeply and systematically discuss the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States to bring the influence of. The fundamental indecent point is: famine is historical inevitability and sometimes joint products, new economic policy implementation is the most important reason for removal of famine, and support the United States is a prerequisite for the need. Both Russia and the United States in, on the basis of common interests, stop cooperation to each other heart hatred, express a more extensive meaning: read indecent civilization differences isn't enough to become international disputes in the dominant factor. This paper is divided into four departments: the first Department of the Russian famine causes and background. Many Russian agricultural transformation fails to properly handling the relationship between people and land is the basic reason of the famine. The implementation of the Bolshevik party failed to timely termination of military communism policy to reduce the level of famine. Natural disaster is just a kind of identity sometimes. The second sector, the reason and the US Russian cooperation talks riga. Familiar with their attachment to the Russian effort not perfunctory famine, no longer adhere to the self understanding in the shape of the cage. Support for U. S. supplies the reason: slow down their agricultural products sales pressure, for release in Russia held the United States national, humanism and anti Bolshevik attitude. On both sides in the process of negotiating cooperation bridge the most important sub that American aid agency behavior independent of achievement, after all, is the Soviet government supervision of relief agency in, and the relief agency guarantee not to intervene in the political movement, the United States is achieved as far as possible common contact the people of disaster areas of opportunity. The third sector, the U.S. Rescue Department rescue process. Rescuers in the United States with a high effectiveness of the chapeau for children in Russia supply the food, medical, and makes the victim group agile from among the cities expand to the electronization village. In order to expand the rescue efforts, but also to make the extra circulation of agricultural products to Russia, the rescue department made Congress began to supply the rescue of adults. And through the process of expansion planning food remittance, for their plain between the close support, and for next year's agricultural production supply the seed grain. In the meantime, rescuers in the United States over transport performance, administrator, lack of personnel skills, Russian authorities of suspicion. Both sides also export food grade open debate in russia. Initially follow the new economic policy in the open, a rescue mission in the United States become double smoothly, also doubles tends to reach the rescue. The fourth sector, and clear summary of Russian famine rescue mission. Because of the new economic policy correctly handle the man land relations, industry and agriculture growth sequence of scores, mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers to give birth and deterioration of weather. 目录: |
