| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 固然与之邻近的不雅念早在东方现代的文艺思惟中就已发生，然则作为一种古代文艺实际，纯艺术论却切实其实是晚近的美学思惟产品。康德、谢林、黑格尔、席勒等德国古典美学巨头为它的发生供给了哲学根据和实际支持，他们的思惟经过斯达尔夫人及其同志传入法国后，特殊是经由了唯美诗人戈蒂耶的创作理论后，催生了作为古代主义文论晚期形状之一的纯艺术论。不外，德鲁日宁的“纯艺术”论并不是西欧列国相似文艺景象在俄国语境中的简略移植，它的发生完整具有本国实际渊源和时期配景。从实际渊源方面看，在普希金、斯坦凯维奇和别林斯基的创作理论和实际摸索中就已包括有与之相干的身分；从时期配景看，1855年克里米亚战斗之前，俄语论文，沙皇当局实施的文明独裁政策是它得以发生的客不雅缘由，由于这类美学保守主义对实际的抗议较之反动平易近主派更加隐藏。而以车尔尼雪夫斯基为代表的反动平易近主主义美学所倡导的功利主义文艺不雅，则直接招致了以德鲁日宁为代表的自在主义者在俄国语境提出“纯艺术”论的实际主意，可以说，德鲁日宁“为艺术而艺术”的“纯艺术”论恰是在同车尔尼雪夫斯基的论争中确立起本身的实际偏向和建树。在德鲁日宁的多篇文章中提到了一系列二元对峙的创作准绳果戈理偏向/普希金偏向、社会教导论/自在创作论、教导的准绳/幽美的准绳。这些对峙的准绳是德鲁日宁在分歧时代提出的，它们归根结柢表现了纯艺术论与反动平易近主主义美学的对峙，同时又可以懂得为自在主义者与反动平易近主主义者为完成各自的国度、社会幻想，而在文艺美学范畴中睁开的话语权争取。这两种对峙现实上还触及到了俄国文学中的一个焦点成绩“为社会”照样“为艺术”。这两种分歧偏向不只存在于分歧的作家、流派之间，并且和存在于统一作家、实际家本身，德鲁日宁的纯艺术论亦不破例。以德鲁日宁为代表的纯艺术论与古代主义一重要是“颓丧派”(重要是瓦·勃留索夫、康·巴尔蒙特等)一创作准绳在否决实际主义传统、主意文艺自律、自足和摸索创作的非感性等方面的实际契合点，俄语论文范文，其实际建树为在白银时期正式退场的俄国意味主义文艺思惟拉开了通向古代主义阶段的尾声，是以我们完整有来由以为，以德鲁日宁为代表的俄国纯艺术论乃是俄国古代主义文艺思惟的晚期形状之一。19世纪实际主义文学在俄国的隆盛是同发蒙思惟的成长慎密接洽着的。因为俄国常识份子一从拉吉舍夫到别林斯基，再到车尔尼雪夫斯基一在发蒙年夜众的进程中，充足认识到文学反应实际的主要感化，如许他们便将实际主义文学视为流传发蒙思惟的主要对象。为发蒙办事是他们看待文学的立场。由此，实际主义的感化阅历了一个有揭穿实际到熟悉实际，再到“对生涯下断定”的成长进程。在此进程中，上述常识份子对文学艺术的自力价值根本持否认立场，车尔尼雪夫斯基更是直接称文学为“生涯的替换品”。而此时以德鲁日宁为代表的纯艺术论者收回了另外一种声响，纯艺术论作为一种反抗性实际登上俄国文坛。作为一种美学实际纯艺术论的价值不容低估，但俄国纯艺术论却其实不像其自夸得那末“纯洁”。它与俄国自在主义政管理念有着千丝万缕的接洽，它与反动平易近主派美学的对峙乃是自在派与反动平易近主派两种政管理念之对峙涉及文坛的成果。不外虽然如斯，作为俄国古代主义文论的晚期形状之一，以德鲁日宁为代表的纯艺术论依然表现了出生于“欠蓬勃”国家中的审美古代性特质。 Abstract: Although the adjacent indecent read early in the east of the modern literature thoughts had taken place, but as a literary reality, the pure art theory but is actually recent ideological aesthetic products. Kant, Schelling, Hegel, Schiller German classical aesthetics giant as it supply the philosophy basis and practical support, their thoughts after France after the introduction of madam Stael and his comrades, especially through the creation theory of aestheticism poet Gauthier, gave birth to the to the ancient literary theory is one of the advanced shape pure art theory. Nevertheless, druzhinin pure art theory is a Western European nations similar arts scene in Russia in the context of simple transplantation. It happened complete with their actual origin and time background. From the actual origin, in and practical exploration creation theory of Pushkin, stankeviech and Belinsky, already include relevant identity; from the era background, 1855 Crimea before the battle, tsarist authorities to implement the civilization of dictatorship is it may occur the objective reasons, because this kind of aesthetic conservatism of the actual protest than reactionary plain near the LORD sent more hidden. And advocated by the Chernychevsky aesthetics of representatives of the reactionary plain near the main doctrine of utilitarian literary indecent directly lead to the druzhinin as the representative of the Liberals in the Russian context put forward practical idea of "pure art theory, it can be said that druzhinin" for art and art "pure art theory is exactly in the debate with the Chernychevsky aesthetics establishes itself, the actual bias and achievements. In druzhinin the article referred to the bias / Pushkin bias, social education theory / free creation theory, teaching principle / beautiful principle of a series of binary confrontation creation principle of Gogol. The confrontation of the principle is proposed by druzhinin in different ages, they ultimately showed the confrontation between the pure art theory and reactionary plain near the main doctrine aesthetics, and can understand for the Liberals and reactionary democracy for completion of their respective countries, social fantasy, and open discourse in literary and artistic aesthetic category for. These two kinds of confrontation in reality also touched on the Russian literature in a focus on the achievements of the "society" as the art". These two different bias exists not only between different writers, schools, and exists in the unity of writers, the actual home itself, druzhinin of pure art theory also no exception. Druzhinin representatives of pure art theory and ancient doctrine is one of the most important is "decadent" (important is the creative principle of Wa Bryuzo husband, Con Balmont) in rejected realism tradition, the idea of literature and art self-discipline, self-sufficiency, and explore the creation of non perceptual practical meeting point, the actual achievements in the Silver period official exit the Russian means literary thought opened the leading to the end of the ancient doctrine is to we have reason to believe, represented by druzhinin Russian pure art theory but Russian modernism literary thoughts of late one of the shapes. Longsheng nineteenth Century actual literature in Russia is the same thought fameng growth and close connection with. Because Russian intellectuals of a from the Raj Scherf Belinsky to Chernychevsky a in the process of Enlightenment of the eve of the public, the sufficient understanding to the literary response to actual role in such a way that they will realism literature as the main object of enlightenment thought spread. For fameng work is their view of the position of literature. As a result, the role of the actual experience of the impact of a practical to be familiar with the actual, and then to the "life of the judge," the growth process. In this process, the common member of literature and art independent value basic negative attitude, Chernychevsky is directly referred to the literature for career alternatives ". At this time, Drew Genin as the representative of the pure art critics to take back another sound, pure art theory as a kind of resistance to the actual boarded the Russian literary world. As a kind of aesthetic theory, the value of pure art theory can not be underestimated, but the Russian pure art theory is not as pure as it is ". It has a close connection with the Russian liberal political management. It is the confrontation between the Liberal Party and the Revolutionary Democratic Party and the opposition of the two political management ideas of the Liberal Party and the revolutionary people. Nevertheless although this predicament, one of the advanced shape as the Russian ancient literary theory, to druzhinin represent the pure art theory and still birth to "less vigorous national aesthetic of ancient trait. 目录: |
