| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 俄国史学界对“罗斯”称号来源与古罗斯国度构成成绩存在历久争辩。本文对俄国及国外文献史料考辨剖析后以为，瓦良格人、罗斯人更人能够是诺曼人，他们来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。考古材料也证实沃尔霍夫一第聂伯河水道和伏尔加河水道一切症结商站的物资文明自己都带有斯堪的纳维亚的遗址。东欧平原的天然地舆情况及其四邻关系决议了东斯拉夫人最后的社会组织情势和国度构成形式。天然前提的卑劣，农业经济的疏散和落伍，社会分化的迟缓，使得东斯拉夫人在古罗斯国度的构成进程中只起到了奠定感化，俄语论文题目，他们只能期待机会和内部动力能力树立古罗斯国度。这类机会就是与拜古庭帝国普遍的国际商贸运动，内部动力则是为这类商贸运动所吸引的、来自斯堪的纳维亚的瓦良格人。树立在驯服与商业之上的罗斯国度，其社会经济轨制和政治轨制更多表示为城市公社对地盘具有最高一切权，俄语毕业论文，进入城市公社的社会焦点阶级个人占领地盘，并在政治上经由过程维彻(市平易近年夜会)保护城市公社与王公之间的权利均衡，从而构成一种较为特别的城邦国度。本文详细研究内容重要包含以下几个部门：第一章：对于古罗斯国度来源与瓦良格成绩的争辩。本章重要对自1749年Г。Φ。米勒尔与M。B。罗蒙诺索夫地下争辩以来所构成的诺曼派与反诺曼派之间250多年的争辩停止了述评，旨在从史学史方面引见俄国和东方学界对此成绩争辩的重要不雅点及论据。第二章：罗斯称号的来源。重点剖析了俄国与东方文献中有关“罗斯”称号来源成绩的记叙。重要援用古罗斯纪年史《今年纪事》、法兰克史籍《别尔京纪年史》、拜占庭史料《帝国行政论》、阿拉伯纪行《利萨列》等文献记录。在具体剖析“Pycb”与“Pocb”说话学之间的关系后以为，“Pycb”一词才是古罗斯称号的根源，其最早是依照职业特点称谓离开芬兰地区上的斯堪的纳维亚人。第三章：斯堪的纳维亚人在东欧平原的运动遗址。重要评述并援用了沙俄时代、苏联时代和最近几年来俄国在古罗斯国度来源成绩研究中的考古学材料，根据对东欧平原有关地域的考古挖掘申报、统计材料和相干论文的剖析，进一步确定了斯堪的纳维亚人在东欧地域的普遍存在。第四章：古罗斯国度的构成。本章起首从国度来源普通实际方面批评了苏联及最近几年来俄国粹者在古罗斯国度构成成绩上的实际不雅点。其次具体剖析论证了“贸易罗斯”与“农业罗斯”在国度构成中所起到的感化，然则这类外因与内因的研究角度没法同答古罗斯国度构成的特别性成绩。是以，笔者又以罗斯地域天然地舆情况和平易近族普遍交换的年夜情况配景为研究视角对古罗斯国度来源成绩停止了阐述。本章最初，详细剖析论证了罗斯的城邦国度形状。结语部门重要是从以上四个部门对本文写作的重要不雅点及实际宗旨停止的总结。 Abstract: Russian historians has long argued for the "Ross" title and source of the ancient Ross countries achievements. The to Russian and foreign literature textual research of historical data analysis that, Varangians, Ross more can is Norman, they come from Scandinavia Scandinavia. Archaeological materials also confirmed the Volkhov the Dnieper River channel and the Volga River waterway all the crux of the commercial stations of material civilization with the ruins of Scandinavia Scandinavia. The eastern plain of natural geography and neighbourship resolution the East Slavs last social organizational forms and national form. Despicable natural conditions, agricultural economy of evacuation and outdated, slow social differentiation, Mrs. Dedongsila in ancient Rus state constitute process only to lay the action, they can only look forward to opportunities and internal power - the ability to establish the ancient kingdom of Russian. This kind of opportunity is and worship the ancient courtyard Empire general international business and internal motivation is for the business attracted to and from Scandinavian Scandinavian Varangians. Set in the tame and Commerce Ross country, its social economic system and political system more said urban commune on the site has the highest all right into the urban commune focus of social class person to occupy the site, and in politics through the process of Weiche (city residents in recent years eve) protection between the urban commune with kings and the right balance, thus constituting a very special city states. This paper research content mainly includes several parts as below: Chapter One: about ancient Ross national origin and the Varyag results argue. This chapter is important since 1749 on the f. Phi. Miller and M. B. Lomonosov's 250 years of debate between the Norman and the anti Norman faction, which is composed of the ground of the earth, has been stopped. The purpose of this study is to introduce the important points and arguments of the Russian and eastern scholars in the history of historiography. The second chapter: the source of Ross's title. Focuses on the narration about "Ross" title source of Russian and Eastern literature achievement. Important to invoke ancient Rus Chronicle "this chronicle, Frank historical records" Biel Beijing annals of history, historical Byzantine sources "on administrative Empire", Arab travel diary "Lisa column" documentary records. In the specific analysis of the relationship between "Pycb" and "Pocb", "Pycb" is the root of the ancient Ross, which is the earliest to leave the Scandinavia area in Finland area according to the characteristics of occupational characteristics. The third chapter: the movement of the people in the Eastern European plains of Scandinavia. Important comments and to invoke the tsarist Russia, Soviet era and in recent years Russian in ancient Rus national origin research on issues of archaeological materials, according to analysis of the East European Plain about the regional archaeological mining declaration, material statistics and coherent papers, and further to identify the Scandinavian in hamster area universal existence. The fourth chapter: the composition of the ancient Ross. At the beginning of this chapter from the country source of common practical criticism of the Soviet Union and in recent years the Russian scholars in ancient Rus countries constitute actual achievement of indecent point. Secondly, it analyzes the influence of "trade Ross" and "Ross" in the country, but this kind of external cause and internal cause can not be the same as that of the ancient Ross. So, the author of the Ross region and natural geographical situation and the general situation of the general exchange of the situation for the study of the ancient Ross national source of achievements. This chapter first, the detailed analysis of the state of Ross's state. The conclusion is that the important part of this paper is to summarize the important points and the practical purpose of this article from the above four departments. 目录: |
