| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文，下载原文正常，俄语论文题目，内容请直接查看目录。） 国度之间权利此消彼长是国际关系研究长盛不衰的话题。在主导国和突起国权利转移之际,国际次序为什么产生变迁和变迁机制一直是国际关系研究的焦点议题。在权利转移的分歧阶段,主导国保护现有国际次序的国度意志与突起国重开国际次序的国度意志的互动决议了国际次序变迁的机制。为了验证这一焦点假定,我们采取三个案例剖析在权利转移的三个分歧阶段,国际次序变迁的分歧机制。1895年委内瑞拉危机产生在英美权利转移进程的肇端阶段,是英美环绕拉美地域次序睁开的一场争取,并终究以战争措施完成了国际次序的变迁。在权利转移的肇端阶段,国际次序假如要完成战争转移,一是突起国具有激烈的重开国际次序的国度意志,二是主导国保护现有国际次序的国度意志绝对较弱,终究向突起国做出让步与妥协。1895年委内瑞拉危机迸发前后,从英美之间的权利资本比较来看,两国的权利转移处于肇端阶段。在委内瑞拉危机进程中,英美两国睁开了国度意志的较劲。美国为了重建拉美地域国际次序,情愿为之支付严重的本钱,赓续展现激烈的国度意志。面临美国展现的激烈国度意志,英国因为权利绝对式微,其立场从强硬转向让步,表现了其保护拉美地域次序的国度意志逐步削弱。英美之间国度意志较劲的终究成果是1895年委内瑞拉危机的战争处理。1914年七月危机产生在德国与俄国权利转移的持平阶段,是德国与俄国环绕欧洲年夜陆次序而产生的一场抵触,两国之间对于国际次序的竞争终究招致了年夜战的迸发。在权利转移的持平阶段,经由过程战斗措施处理国际次序的竞争须要知足两个前提：一是突起国具有激烈的重开国际次序的国度意志,二是主导国异样具有激烈的保护现有国际次序的国度意志。1914年七月危机前后,从德国、俄国之间的权利资本比较来看,两国权利年夜致相当。在七月危机进程中,俄国与德国睁开了国度意志的较劲。俄国为了完成世纪目的,推进巴尔干地域平易近族主义的成长,其国度意志日益激烈。德国则具有保护现有国际次序的激烈国度意志。俄国、德国之间国度意志较劲的终究成果是1914年七月危机走向了战斗。1933年伦敦世界经济会议产生在英美权利转移进程的超出阶段,是英美环绕国际经济次序重建睁开的一场竞争,但终究没法处理国际经济次序的重建成绩,国际经济延续“掉序”状况。在权利转移的超出阶段,国际经济的“掉序”,在于主导国损失了保护现有国际经济次序的国度意志,而突起国重开国际经济次序的国度意志软弱。1933年伦敦世界经济会议前后,从英美之间的权利资本比较来看,两国处于权利转移的超出阶段。在二十世纪三十年月初,美国国度实力从全体上曾经超出了英国。英国谢绝承当保护现有国际经济次序运转的本钱,注解其损失了保护现有国际经济次序的国度意志；美国虽然情愿重开国际经济次序,然则谢绝承当较高的本钱,注解美国重开国际经济次序的国度意志较弱。国际经济在现有国际经济次序没法维系以后,新的国际次序没有树立之前存在一段“掉序”时代。 Abstract: Right shift between countries in international relations is on the range of topics. In the leading country and country rights transfer processes on the occasion of the international order change and why change mechanism has been the focus of discussion topics of international relations. At various stages of the transfer of rights, the protection of the existing international order leading country country country and will reopen the international order of the country. The interaction mechanism of the resolution will change of international order. In order to verify the focus of assumption, we take three case analysis of three different stages in the transfer of rights, the change of the international order of divergence mechanism. In 1895 Venezuelan crisis in Britain and the United States the right to transfer the beginning stage of the process is common around the Latin American region in order to open a fight for, and eventually to war method completed the changes in the international order. In the beginning stages of transfer of rights, international order if you want to complete the move of the war, one is processes with intense reopen the order of the will of the state, second is dominant in the existing international order of the will of the state relatively weak protection, eventually to the projection of make concessions and compromise. 1895 Venezuelan crisis burst before and after, from the point of view of comparison between Britain and the United States the rights of capital, their rights transfer is in the beginning stage. In the process of the crisis in Venezuela, Britain and the United States opened the will of the state. The United States in order to rebuild the Latin American regional international order, willing to pay for the cost of serious, continuously show intense national will. The United States faces show intense national will, because the British right absolute decline, its position from the tough to concessions, the performance of its protection of the Latin American region country will gradually weaken the order. The country will eventually result rivalry between Britain and the United States is the war of 1895 Venezuelan crisis. A crisis in July 1914 produced in Germany and Russia to the transfer of rights to the flat stage, Germany and Russia around continental Europe order and produce a conflict, between the two countries on the order of international competition eventually lead to the outbreak of the wars. In the transfer of right flat stage, through the process of fighting methods processing order of international competition will need to meet the two premises: one is processes with the fierce reopen the order of the will of the state, second is leading the country also has a fierce protection of the existing international order of the will of the state. Before and after the 1914 July crisis, from Germany, Russia between the rights of capital, the two countries right about. In the process of the crisis in July, Russia and Germany opened the will of the state. In order to complete the Russian century to promote nationalism in the Balkan region growing, the country will increasingly fierce. Germany is the protection of the existing international order of the fierce national will. The country will eventually result in Russia, the rivalry between Germany in 1914 July to combat the crisis. The 1933 London World Economic Conference produced in the Anglo American rights transfer process goes out of phase, is common around the international economic order reconstruction opened a competition, but ultimately didn't method processing results for the reconstruction of the international economic order, the international economy continues "order" fell. In the transfer of rights beyond the international economic stage, "out of order", is the leading country lost the protection of the existing international economic order of the country and will reopen in the international economic order projections country weak. Before and after the 1933 London world economic conference, from the comparison of Western rights between the two countries in the capital, the transfer of rights beyond the stage. In twentieth Century thirty years earlier this month, the United States national strength as a whole is beyond britain. Britain refused to bear the protection of the existing international economic order operation cost, notes the loss of protection of the existing international economic order of the will of the state; American although willing to reopen the international economic order, but declined to bear higher costs, notes the US international economic order of the country reopen the degree will is weak. The international economy can not maintain the existing international economic order, the new international order has not set up before there is a section of "off order" era. 目录: |
