| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文范文，俄语毕业论文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 历久以来,人们以为十月反动是社会主义反动,而对此次反动内含的平易近主反动性质未能授与足够的看重。列宁在《十月反动周围年》中明白指出,“俄国反动直接的急切的义务,是资产阶层平易近主主义的义务”。那末,如何懂得十月反动的平易近主反动性质呢?固然俄国活着界上树立起了第一个无产阶层引导的国度政权,但因为二月反动没有完全完成资产阶层平易近主反动所应处理的汗青义务,俄国没有阅历典范的本钱主义成长阶段,因此,十月反动后重生的苏维埃政权面对的重要的急切的义务依然是持续完成平易近主反动。列宁用设问的情势明白指出,“到1917年,俄国农奴轨制毕竟还有哪些重要表示、残存或遗址呢?还有君主制、品级制、地盘占领制、地盘运用权、妇女位置、宗教和平易近族榨取”。那末,苏维埃政权树立后完成了哪些资产阶层平易近主反动义务呢?从公布《地盘法则》到处理地盘成绩；从打坏沙皇独裁所遗留的国度机械到组建工农人主政权；从破除田主地盘一切制到确立新的经济轨制；从自动加入第一次世界年夜战,提倡树立不割地不赔款的和约,到树立新的对等的战争交际政策；从否决封建独裁思惟,到实施政教分别,确立马克思主义的指点位置；从提倡平易近族自决,完成各平易近族现实上的对等,到组建苏联；从进步妇女位置,到树立男女对等的经济政治文明轨制。可以说,新政权在完全革除、清除中世纪轨制的残存,清除俄国的这类蛮横景象、这类羞辱、这类严重妨害俄国一切文明成长和一切提高的妨碍方面,较为完全地完成了平易近主反动的义务。正如列宁所说,“从对国民大众的深远作用来看,我们所做的这类消除任务比125年多之前的法国年夜反动要果断、敏捷、年夜胆、有用、普遍和深入很多”。固然重生的苏维埃政权为完全完成平易近主反动义务做了年夜量任务,但是,因为阅历了300多年漫长的封建农奴制的统治,导致封建轨制、体系体例,特别是封建独裁思惟有着普遍的社会基本,而这些封建残存是弗成能在短时代内完全清除的,特别是封建思惟弗成能跟着旧轨制的消亡被装到棺材里去,它还会在社会中糜烂,产生霉变。是以,从这个角度看,对列宁所说的“我们比谁都更完全地停止了资产阶层平易近主反动”的懂得,只能与之前的汗青比拟,而不克不及懂得为既然曾经“完全地停止了资产阶层平易近主反动”就用不着再去停止平易近主反动。现实上,实施新经济政策以后,列宁暮年口传的一系列文章,其目标依然是在持续否决封建独裁轨制及其思惟,在推动平易近主反动的汗青过程。固然列宁平生都在否决封建独裁轨制,推动平易近主反动,但是,直到列宁逝世还不克不及说俄国曾经完全完成了平易近主反动的义务。笔者以为列宁活着时未完成的平易近主反动义务重要有：未能完全清除高度集权的国度治理体系体例的作用；未能完全清除高度集权的经济治理体系体例的作用；·未能完全清除旧的教导和文明对新轨制的作用；未能完全清除年夜俄罗斯主义对新轨制的作用。斯年夜林执掌政权后,不只未能沿着列宁暮年的成长思绪持续处理平易近主反动遗留的义务,推动俄公民主化的汗青过程,反而慢慢构成了高度集权：的斯年夜林形式。可以说,斯年夜林形式的构成在必定水平上为封建独裁体系体例及其思惟的回生供给了肥饶的泥土,恰是在斯年夜林时代涌现了肃反扩展化、小我崇敬等严重损坏平易近主法治的景象。总之,在无产阶层控制政权的新的汗青前提下,若何持续完成反封建的汗青义务,如何推动平易近主化的汗青过程,是一项历久而艰难的任务。汗青曾经证实,以战时共产主义高度集权的国度治理体系体例和斯年夜林时代高度集权的筹划治理体系体例是弗成能从基本上完全消除封建遗毒的。笔者以为列宁暮年在阐述协作社时提出的应完成“两个划时期的重要义务”的成长思绪,即经济、政治和文明反动“三位一体”的成长思绪,可以作为落伍国度新政权树立后持续推动平易近主化汗青过程的根本思绪。 Abstract: Long-standing, people thought the October Revolution is the socialist revolution, and the plain of the reactionary containing reactionary nature of the failure to grant enough attention. Lenin in the "October revolution around the year" clearly pointed out that the Russian revolution directly the eager obligations, the obligations of bourgeois democracy. At the end of, know how to October reactionary reactionary nature?? although Russia alive community set up the first no middle class to guide the country's regime, but because of the February Revolution is not fully complete the bourgeois plain near the main reaction should deal with the obligation of the history, Russia did not experience typical capitalist growth stage, therefore, the rebirth of the Soviet regime after the October Revolution in important urgent duty is still continue to complete the democratic revolution. Lenin by questioning the situation clearly pointed out that "to 1917, the Russian serf system after all, what are the important representation, or residual site?? and monarchy, grade system, land occupation, land use rights, and women's status, religious and plain ethnic squeeze. Then, the Soviet regime set up after the completion of the bourgeois democratic revolution which obligations? Released from "rule" to the processing site site performance; the national machinery from bad tsarist left to set up and get rid of workers and peasants from the land regime; all system to establish new economic system; from the first automatically added World War, advocates not cede territory not reparations treaty to establish a new peer-to-peer communication from the war against the feudal dictatorship policy; thinking, to implement the separation of church and state, pointing out the position of the Marx doctrine from the establishment; promote peaceful nation self-determination, complete the ethnic reality equivalence to the formation of the Soviet Union; from the progress of women position, to establish economic and political civilization system of equality between men and women. It can be said that the new regime in completely get rid of, clear of the rail in the Middle Ages remains, remove Russian such outrageous scene, this kind of humiliation, this kind of serious prejudice to all Russian civilization grew and all improve the disturbed, is completely finished in the democratic revolution of the obligation. As Lenin said, "from the point of view of far-reaching influence on national mass, we do the task to eliminate more than 125 years before the French Revolution determination and agile, bile Nianye, useful, universal and much more in depth". Although the rebirth of the Soviet regime for complete plain near the main reactionary obligation to do a large number of tasks, however, because of the experience of the more than 300 years long reign of feudal serfdom, resulting in feudal system, systems, especially the feudal autocracy thought has a universal social basic, and the feudal remnants is Eph into can complete elimination within a short time, especially feudal ideas can follow the demise of the old rail system is mounted to the coffin to, and it will be in the social erosion, produce mildew. Therefore, from this angle, to Lenin said "we who are more completely stopped the bourgeois democratic revolution" know, compared only with prior history, and cannot understand since had been "completely stop the bourgeois democratic revolution is no need to stop democratic revolution. After the fact, the implementation of the new economic policy, a series of articles by Lenin in oral, the goal is still continued to deny feudal autocratic system and thoughts in the historical process of promoting democratic revolution. Though Lenin's life are in opposition to the feudal autocratic system, promote democratic revolution, however, until the death of Lenin also means late to say Russia once complete the obligations of the democratic revolution. Effect of new rail system with failed to completely remove the eve of Russian nationalism I think Lenin alive unfinished democracy reactionary obligations are: failed to completely remove the influence of highly centralized state governance systems; failed to completely remove the influence of the highly centralized system of economic governance style - failed to completely remove effect of old teachings and civilization of new rail system; and a. Stalin the helm of the regime, not only failed to along the twilight of Lenin's thoughts growth continued to deal democratic revolution left the obligation, to promote the historical process of the principal Russian citizens, but slowly constitute a highly centralized: Stalin form. Can say, Stalin in the form of a form to a certain level for the retrogradation of the feudal autocratic system style and thought provides fertile soil, is precisely in the Stalin era emerge the revolutionaries extended scene and respect individual serious damage to democracy, the rule of law. Anyway, in the proletarian political control and the new historical conditions, how to continue to finish anti feudal history of obligations, how to promote democracy in the historical process, is a long-term and difficult task. History has demonstrated that Eph into can basically eliminate the feudal legacy by the wartime Communist highly centralized national governance systems and Stalin era of highly centralized planning system of governance style. I think twilight of Lenin proposed in the elaboration of cooperatives should be completed development "two epoch-making important obligations" ideas, namely the economic, political and Cultural Revolution "Trinity" development train of thought, can be sustained as a backward country new regime after the establishment of the 目录: |
