| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，俄语论文网站，内容请直接查看目录。） 分歧文明间的互相交换是增进文明成长的重要动力之一。没有一种文明是自给自足的,它都是在汗青长河中赓续地接收和引进外来文明,而丰硕和进步本身文明的。说话是文明的载体,文明交换惹起说话接触,分歧文明间的交换和作用会在说话中留下印记,发生各类说话景象,如说话成份的借用、双语、说话转用、说话混用、说话混杂等景象。中俄两国文明交换的汗青积厚流光。18世纪上半叶发生于恰克图生意城的中俄皮钦语,和19世纪末20世纪初涌现于哈尔滨的中俄皮钦语恰是中俄两国国民文明交换的产品,是汉俄两年夜文明相互作用在说话上的表现。18世纪上半叶跟着恰克图边疆商业的鼓起恰克图和生意城涌现了一种特别的中俄贸易用语-“恰克图中俄皮钦语”。19世纪末跟着中东铁路的开工建筑年夜批俄国移平易近涌入哈尔滨,哈尔滨中国居平易近与俄侨的历久频仍来往使哈尔滨涌现了一种独具特点的说话-“哈尔滨中俄皮钦语”。这两种中俄皮钦语的辞汇都重要来自俄语,一部门辞汇源自汉语。这与其时汉俄两年夜文明群体来往时汉俄说话所承载的经济蓬勃水平有亲密关系。恰克图中俄皮钦语重要运用在恰克图生意城两国国民的生意生意业务中,是一种商业说话。哈尔滨中俄皮钦语重要用于哈尔滨地域人们的平常生涯中,是平常外交语说话。从中俄皮钦语运用的规模可看出恰克图、生意城、哈尔滨地域中俄两国国民的来往重要是物资文明层面上的,根本上没有触及轨制文明和心思文明层面。不管是恰克图商业皮钦语照样哈尔滨平常外交皮钦语,它们都是适用性的说话,知足了特准时段,特定文明群体最根本的外交须要。跟着恰克图边疆商业的式微,20世纪50、60年月中俄关系的好转,哈尔滨俄侨的年夜量撤离,和英语作为强势说话的作用赓续加强,中俄皮钦语的运用规模愈来愈小,但有些词照样能在平常生涯中碰到,如“列巴”、“里道斯’等。另外,中俄皮钦语中的部门辞汇进入了汉、俄说话特别是西南方言的辞汇体系,乃至被一些威望辞书,如《汉语外来词辞书》、《苏联年夜百科辞典》、《乌沙科夫详解辞书》所收录,这些辞汇是汉、俄说话接触的左证,也是中俄文明交换的见证。 Abstract: The exchange of different civilizations is one of the important driving force to promote the growth of civilization. No one civilization is self-sufficient, it is in historical endless flow gengxu to receive and introduction of alien civilization, and rich and the progress of civilization itself. Speech is the carrier of civilization, civilization exchange pose language contact, exchange and the impact of the cultural differences between the will in speech to imprint, occurrence of various types of speech scene, such as speaking component borrowing, bilingual, speaking conversion, mix to speak, speak hybrid etc. scene. The Sino Russian cultural exchange history has a long history. 18th century half leaf occurred in Kyakhta business city of Sino Russian Pidgin, and at the end of the 19th century and the 20th century early emergence in Harbin Sino Russian pidgin is exactly China and Russia national civilization exchange products is talking on the performance influence of Han Russia two of the eve of the civilization. 18th century half leaf followed the Kyakhta frontier commercial muster Kyakhta and business city emerged a special Sino Russian trade terms - "Kyakhta Russian Pidgin". At the end of the 19th century, along with the Middle East Railway started construction of the eve of the group of Russian immigrant influx of Harbin, Harbin, China residents in long-term and Russian immigrants frequently travel to Harbin the emergence of a unique characteristics of speech - "Harbin Sino Russian pidgin." The two Sino Russian Pidgin words become important from Russian, a speech from the Chinese Department of huiyuan. This is the time when the Chinese and Russian cultural groups and the Chinese and Russian exchanges between the Chinese and Russian speaking carrying the economic boom has a close relationship. Kiakhta Russian pidgin language used in business between the two peoples, business Kiakhta city business, is a commercial. Harbin Sino Russian Pidgin for Harbin regional people's daily life, is a common foreign language. From the scale of Sino Russian Pidgin application can be seen Kyakhta, business city, Harbin region of Sino Russian national contacts is material civilization level, basically did not touch rail system culture and psychological culture level. Whether Qiaketu trade Pidgin still Harbin normal diplomatic Pidgin, applicability to speak, satisfied the concession period, certain groups of civilization is the most fundamental diplomacy needs. Follow Kyakhta frontier commercial decline, in the 1950s and 1960s Sino Russian relations improved, evacuated Harbin overseas Russian in a large amount, English and speaks as a strong influence is increasing ceaselessly, Sino Russian Pidgin application scale is getting smaller, but some words can still encountered in daily life, such as "cling to", "Lidaosi '. In addition, Sino Russian Pidgin Department vocabulary into Chinese and Russian speaking especially southwest dialect vocabulary system, and even some authoritative dictionaries, such as the loan words in Chinese dictionary, the Soviet Union to the eve of the encyclopedia, the Ushakov detailed dictionary included. These vocabulary is Chinese and Russian speaking contact of corroborative evidence, but also the Sino Russian cultural exchange witness. 目录: |
