| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 俄罗斯联邦汗青上共经由过程了四部宪法，本文试对修正后的1978年宪法的内容、内涵矛盾、修正的艰苦、过渡性质和1993年新宪法的构造特色及其缺点作一剖析。宪法的静态变更是与苏联崩溃俄罗斯自力这一时代的轨制转轨慎密相干的，跟着1993年新宪法的经由过程原苏联时代的苏维埃体系体例被完全摈弃，俄罗斯确立了以总统集权为根本特点的政治体系体例，这类体系体例下的权利构造是在轨制变迁的特定汗青时代和前提下构成的，这使它带有后天的时效性、阶段性和强迫性，它在引入东方的分权与制衡政治体系体例形式的同时，未能完整摆脱俄国集权政治的汗青传统。全文除导言外共分四部门。第一章，宪法修正：单一权利体系体例的割裂与未完成的轨制更新。为顺应轨制转轨的需要，俄罗斯联邦对1978年宪法做了屡次修正，总统职务的设立割裂了“议行合一”的苏维埃体系体例，联邦合同的签订损坏了本质为单一制的情势上的联邦体系体例。然则修正后的宪法并没有完成对原有轨制的完整更新，在许多方面仍保存着“苏联特点”。第二章，宪法危机。修正后的宪法所带来的内涵机制性抵触在1992一1993年阶层急剧分化、政治力气敏捷消长的配景下终究演变为宪法危机。总统订定合同会环绕着树立议会制还是总统制的宪政轨制睁开了剧烈的争取。代表二者政管理念的新宪法草案年夜相径庭。第三章，总统集权制切实其实立及修正新宪法的测验考试。叶利钦以武力措施祛除了议会，并以全平易近公决措施经由过程新宪法，确立了总统集权制。然则因为宪法构造的不公道和权利设置装备摆设的不屈衡，议会睁开了新一轮的修宪奋斗，总统与议会仍处于历久的反抗状况。普京被选总统以来修宪的成绩暂告一段落，俄语论文题目，议会与总统之间的反抗逐步变弱，俄语论文范文，趋于协作姿势。这一变更为俄罗斯政治构造的从新设计提出了新的课题。停止语。一部宪法变迁史就是一部俄罗斯政治成长史，宪法的构造设计公道与否与政治成长过程的缓急有着内涵的互动关系。宪法是国度意志的充足表现，它是与古代化变迁相顺应的社会构造和政治构造演变的成果，宪法目的的超前与滞后及其构造的公道与否又会对社会成长起反感化。俄罗斯作为为数不多的落后古代化国度之一，汗青上就留下了以强悍的国度意志疾速晋升社会成长阶段的传统，近二百年的帝国史使它解脱了羸弱之患，却不免国强平易近贫的窘态。当它又一次以凌厉的变更姿势停止共产主义的“实验”，而构建新的宪政轨制时，它解脱了汗青传统的惯性力气了吗？它追求到了一条公道的平易近主古代化之途了吗？这就是本文最初愿望测验考试答复的成绩。 Abstract: In the history of the Russian Federation, the four part of the constitution, this paper tries to amend the contents of the 1978 constitution, the content of contradictions, the hard, the nature of the amendment and the structural characteristics of the new constitution in 1993 and its shortcomings as an analysis. The change of the constitution is a rigorous and static system transition of the collapse of the Soviet Union Russia independent of this era of coherent, followed in 1993 of the new constitution through the old Soviet era Soviet system was completely abandoned, Russia established the centralized political system the president as the fundamental characteristics of the right of constructing this kind of system is in orbit the transition from the specific historical period and under the premise of composition, which makes it the day after tomorrow with the timeliness, stage and forced it into the East, in the decentralization and balance political system form at the same time, failed to complete the authoritarian political tradition get rid of russia. The full text except the introduction is divided into four parts. The first chapter, the constitutional amendment: the separation of a single system of rights and the incomplete system of the system. In order to comply with the needs of the system, the Russian Federation has made many amendments to the 1978 constitution, and the establishment of the president's office has divided the Soviet system, which has been a unitary system. However, the revised constitution did not complete the complete renewal of the original system, in many ways still preserved the Soviet Union's characteristics". The second chapter, the constitutional crisis. After the amendment of the constitution of the connotation of the mechanism of conflict in the 1992 in 1993, a sharp differentiation of the political power, the rapid growth of the political power of the match in the end, after all, the evolution of the constitutional crisis. The president's contract will be surrounded by a parliamentary system or a presidential system of constitutional system, which opened a fierce fight. On behalf of the two administration read a draft of the new constitution is actually big. The third chapter, the president of the power system and the legislative power of the new constitution and the amendment of the new constitution. Yeltsin to force a way to get rid of the parliament in a referendum by the new constitution, the establishment of a centralized presidential system. But because the constitutional structure is not reasonable and the right configuration imbalance, opened a new round of parliamentary constitutional struggle, President and parliament is still long against the situation. Putin was elected president since the constitutional performance ended, between the Parliament and the president of the resistance gradually weakened, tend to be cooperative posture. This change is a new topic for Russian political structure from the new design. Stop language. A constitutional history is a Russian political history, the constitution has a reasonable structure design and the interactive relationship between the connotation and political development process priorities. The constitution is an adequate expression of the national will, which is the result of the social structure and the evolution of the political structure, the lead and lag of the Constitution and the reasonable and the structure of the constitution. Russia is one of the countries of the few ancient history behind, on the left of the country with powerful will rapid growth stage of the traditional promotion society, nearly two hundred years of imperial history to make it free from the weak, but not strong embarrassment poor people. When once again it stop communism to the fierce change of posture "experiment", and construct the new constitutional system, it is free of the traditional inertial force of history? Is it the way to pursue a reasonable way to the ancient people of the Lord? This is the result of the initial aspiration of the test answer. 目录: |
