| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，俄语论文，俄语论文网站，内容请直接查看目录。） 13世纪蒙古鞑靼人动员了侵犯罗斯的战斗,从此开端了在罗斯地盘上长达2个半世纪(1237年-1480年)的殖平易近统治,这在全部俄罗斯平易近族的汗青中打下了弗成磨灭的烙印,成了俄罗斯汗青中主要的篇章,对俄罗斯的汗青过程发生了深远的作用。谈及蒙古鞑靼人2个半世纪的入侵总会惹起汗青学界的普遍存眷和极年夜争议。针对这段汗青俄罗斯学者们可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。在俄罗斯学界中简直一切的著名汗青学家如卡拉姆津、克柳切夫斯基、韦尔纳茨基、索洛维约夫、格列科夫、雅库博夫斯基和古米廖夫等都曾为此做过深刻的研究,揭橥了年夜量的作品和文章,赐与先人许多可供研究参考的材料。整体上对这一汗青在俄罗斯学界构成了两种对峙的不雅点第一种是几个世纪来一向都非常风行的不雅点即蒙古鞑靼人的侵犯对俄罗斯的成长完整是消极的;第二种是在近年来愈来愈占领主导位置的不雅点,这就是蒙古鞑靼人的侵犯对俄罗斯的作用积极意义年夜于消极意义。还在20世纪中叶时,在苏联的年夜中小学教材和迷信作品和文献中,对蒙古鞑靼人侵犯俄罗斯的评述还极端地简略清楚明了枷锁—相对的罪行,它抢夺了人们的产业,自在,并随同着销毁城市和丛林,对古罗文雅明扑灭性的损坏,人们的根本生涯已不复存在。然则就在20世纪下半叶,特别是在苏联崩溃后问世的了一些书刊和年夜量文章中作者们却提出现实上,成吉思汗对俄罗斯的侵犯和对俄罗斯的统治在某种水平下去说是掩护了俄罗斯免受来自东方各族的侵犯,是有益于俄罗斯最初构成完全同一的中心集权国度,对俄罗斯的汗青起到了向前推进的感化的。这一成绩在昔日的俄罗斯之所以成为热门,是由于其时的罗斯也处在一个转型时代,与如今俄罗斯所面对的处境相似。有鉴于此,本文作者意欲经由过程这一选题来剖析毕竟蒙古鞑靼人侵犯罗斯的汗青消极意义和积极意义孰重孰轻。为此本文作者采取了时光次序法、汗青比较法、剖析法,在参阅了年夜量文献的基本上说明这段汗青积极方面年夜于消极方面,和它对俄罗斯成长的意义和对俄罗斯后蒙古时期的国度复兴的感化。在这篇文章中我们力争较为周全地、重新的角度来阐述侵犯的积极意义,从而为年夜家供给新的视角来对待这段汗青。本文由媒介、注释四章和结论构成。媒介交卸了蒙古鞑靼侵犯俄罗斯这个汗青事宜及学者的分歧不雅点,指出了本选题的实际性和实际新意、研究目标和义务、研究对象和研究办法,强调了论文的实际价值和理论价值,指出了论文的构造。第一章由两部门构成,第一部门引入了蒙古侵犯俄罗斯的汗青配景和全部事宜,第二部门扼要引见了针对这一汗青事宜学者们提出的重要不雅点。第二章由三部门构成,剖析了蒙古侵犯对俄罗斯政治方面的作用,重点放在了对城市的自治,年夜公位置的转变和在管辖区域的统治,和带来的社会阶级的变更。经由过程此章节可以看到它增进了俄罗斯中心集权独裁轨制的构成、国度的同一、钱粮轨制的完美和成长等。第三章由三部门构成,剖析了蒙古侵犯对俄罗斯经济方面的作用,重点放在了对乡村经济,手工业和贸易的剖析上。从而提醒出在经济方面某种水平上是增进了经济活泼,发生了必定的积极意义。第四章由三部门组成,剖析了蒙古侵犯对俄罗文雅化方面的作用,而文明触及到人们生涯的各个方面。该章节重要剖析了人们在平常生涯、艺术、修建、宗教和地舆地位等方面的变更,注解独具特点的俄罗文雅化是若何构成的。在结论中,综合了各个章节剖析的成果,作者以为就蒙古和罗斯的互相感化和作用而言,既有消极的方面,也有积极的方面。蒙古侵犯俄罗斯在某种水平上积极意义年夜于消极意义。 Abstract: 13th century Mongolian Tatars in the mobilization of the invasion of the battle of Ross, from the beginning in Ross site up to colonisation plain two half a century (1237 -1480 in) ruled nearly, in the history of the all Russian ethnic play the Eph into indelible imprint, became the main text in Russian history, history process of Russia occurred profound influence. About the 2.5 century Mongolia Tatar intrusion history circles always caused widespread concern and great controversy. In view of the history of Russian scholars is each one according to his lights. In Russian Studies in the world simply all famous historians such as Karamzin, kliuchevsky, Werner Nowitzki, Soloviev, grekov, ya jakubowski and gumilyov, have done for this in-depth research, and revealed a large number of books and articles, give their ancestors many for research reference materials. The whole of the history of the Russian academic circles constitute two opposite indecent point first is for centuries are very popular indecent point to namely tartar Mongol invasion of Russia's complete growth is negative; the second is in recent years increasingly occupied the dominant position in the indecent point, this is tartar Mongol influence on Russian invasion positive Nianye to negative meaning. Still in the middle of the 20th century, in the Soviet Union of the eve of the primary and middle school textbooks and superstitious books and literature in, invasion of Russia's comments by the Mongol Tatars also extremely simple clear chains relative crimes, grabbing the people's property, freedom, and along with the destroyed cities and jungle, damage to the Furura Wenmaya extinction, people's basic career has not complex exists. But in the second half of the 20th century, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the advent of a number of books and articles, the authors had put a reality, Genghis Khan's invasion of Russia and the Russian rule in a way down said cover Russia against invasion from all ethnic groups in the East, is beneficial in Russia were first formed completely with a centralized country, the history of Russia to the action forward. This result in the past, the reason why the Russian became popular, is due to the time of Ross also in a transitional era, and now facing the situation of Russia is similar. In view of this, the author intends to through this topic to analyze after all Mongolian Tatars invasion Ross history of negative and positive significance of the pros and cons. So in this paper, the author take the time sequence method, historical comparison, analysis, refer to the document basically illustrate the history positive large on the negative, and it of Russia's development and the significance and of Russia after the Mongol Dynasty national rejuvenation effect. In this article we strive to be more comprehensive, to re point of view to elaborate violations of the positive significance, so as to provide a new perspective for the family to deal with this history. This paper consists of four chapters and a conclusion. Media relinquished Mongol Tatar invasion of Russia, the history matters and scholars differences indecent point, pointed out the topics of actual and practical ideas, the research goal and the duty, the research object and research methods, emphasizes the the actual value and the theoretical value, and points out the structure. The first chapter consists of two parts, the first part introduces the history of Mongolia's invasion of Russia and all matters, the second Department of the history of the introduction of the important points made by scholars. The second chapter consists of three departments, analyzes the Mongolian invasion of Russia's political influence, focus on the of the autonomous city. The change of big public location and rule in the area under the jurisdiction of, and bring the social class change. Through this chapter can see it to enhance the center of Russian centralization dictatorship rail system constitute, the country's same, Qianliang rail system perfect and growth. The third chapter consists of three parts, analyzes the impact of Mongolia's invasion of Russia's economy, focusing on the analysis of the rural economy, the handicraft industry and trade. So as to remind the economy in a certain level is to promote the economic and lively, has a positive significance. In the fourth chapter, by the three departments, analysis of the Mongolian invasion of elegance of Russian culture and civilization to touch all aspects of people's lives. This chapter analysis of the people in the daily life, art, architecture, religion and geography position changes, the annotation has unique characteristics of Russian culture elegance is how forms. In the conclusion, combined with the results of the analysis of each chapter, the author thought that the interaction and influence of Mongolia and Ross, both negative aspects, there are positive aspects. Mongolia's invasion of Russia in a certain level of positive significance is greater than the negative significance. 目录: |
