ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4-5 摘要 5-6 Abstract 6-7 Chapter 1 Introduction 11-20 1.1 Language and Music: History and Three Different Viewpoints 11-12 1.2 Shared Processing of Language and Music 12-16 1.2.1 Music and Early Language Acquisition 12-13 1.2.2 Linked Deficits between Language and Music 13-16 1.3 Two Distinct Processing Modules for Speech and Music 16-18 1.4 A Cautious Stand on Drawing Strong Connections 18-19 1.5 The Theoretical Basis of the Current Study 19-20 Chapter 2 A Review of Previous Studies 20-32 2.1 Participants in Previous Studies 20-21 2.2 The Operational Definition in Previous Studies 21-22 2.3 Tests for Musical Abilities in Previous Studies 22-25 2.3.1 Standardized Receptive Tests for Musical Aptitude 22-24 2.3.2 Self-designed Productive Tests for Musical Aptitude 24-25 2.4 Tests for Language Abilities in Previous Studies 25-32 2.4.1 Self-designed Receptive Tests for Language Abilities 25-27 2.4.2 Self-designed Productive Tests for Language Abilities 27-30 2.4.3 A summary of Deficiencies in Self-designed Tests for Language Abilities 30-32 Chapter 3 Research Design of the Current Study 32-45 3.1 Research Questions 32-33 3.2 Participants 33-34 3.3 Apparatus 34-35 3.4 The Pitch Processing Experiments 35-37 3.4.1 The Pitch Perception Tests 35-36 3.4.2 The Pitch Production Test 36-37 3.5 The Foreign Language Intonation Imitation Experiment 37-41 3.5.1 Suprasegmental Features of Language: Pitch, Tone, and Intonation 37-39 3.5.2 The Choice of English and Thai Stimuli 39-41 3.6 The Procedure of the Experiments 41-44 3.6.1 Instructions and Warming up 41-42 3.6.2 Experiment 1: The Foreign Language Intonation Imitation Experiment 42 3.6.3 Experiment 2: The Pitch Production Test 42 3.6.4 Experiment 3: The Pitch Perception Tests 42-43 3.6.5 An Investigation into Participants’ Musical Background 43-44 3.7 Summary 44-45 Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Results 45-64 4.1 Initial Processing of Collected Recordings 45-47 4.2 Results of the Pitch Perception Tests and the Pitch Production Test 47-51 4.2.1 The Result of the Tonedeaf Test and the Result of the Adaptive Pitch Test 48-49 4.2.2 The Result of the Pitch Production Test 49-51 4.3 Results of the Foreign Language Intonation Imitation Experiment 51-59 4.3.1 The Pearson Correlation Coefficients of Participants’Imitations 51-53 4.3.2 Pitch Processing Abilities and Foreign Language Intonation Imitation Ability 53-55 4.3.3 Pitch Processing Abilities，Trial 1s and Trial 4s 55-58 4.3.4 Pitch Processing Abilities and Short-term Improvement 58-59 4.4 Summary and General Discussion 59-64 4.4.1 About the Findings in Section 4.3.2 60-61 4.4.2 About the Findings in Section 4.3.3 61-62 4.4.3 About the Findings in Section 4.3.4 62-63 4.4.4 About the Answers to the Questionnaire 63-64 Chapter 5 Conclusion 64-67 5.1 Findings 64-65 5.2 Limitations, and Suggestions for Future Work 65-67 References 67-72 Appendixes 72-78 Appendix A 72-73 Appendix B 73-76 Appendix C 76-77 Appendix D 77-78 |
