0.1 Origin of the Research
With the fast development of contemporary economy and society,greater importance has been attached to a person's comprehensiveabilities with which to adapt to the social life nowadays. It is far fromenough to have only one special knowledge to take up an occupation.Having more than one ability while specializing in one is the cultivatinggoal of the talents. In correspondence with this requirement, educationmust transfer its focus from on knowledge which is mainly traditional toon ability which is required by present situation. However, due to variouskinds of reasons, teachers and students aren't aware of this change and dowhat they used to, which is worrying and even dangerous. Therefore,such a topic as universal abilities is put forward.
……………
0.2 Research Questions
Universal abilities refer to the abilities which can be applied andtransferred universally, including cognitive abilities such as observation,association, comparison, induction, criticism, innovation, judgement,inference, generalization, abstraction, operational abilities likediscovering, raising, describing, analyzing problems and thinking hard. and well and sociability like expression, intercourse, communication,organization, publicity, cohesion, social activity and so on.The specific research questions include the following:
1. What's the current situation of the development of universalabilities?
2. How are universal abilities implemented in different sections andstages of classroom teaching?
……………
Chapter 1 A General Review of Present Research Results and Theoretical Basis
1.1 A General Review of Present Research Results
The research on universal abilities can date back to hundreds ofyears ago, when Formal Discipline Theory was prevailing. It laidemphasis on students' abilities instead of knowledge and took facultypsychology as its basis. With the guidance of this theory, the idea wasmaintained that Greek, Latin, logic, grammar and mathematics should betaught in middle schools, because the task of the school lay in thedevelopment of students' intelligence, which could be transferred to otherfields of actual life and made it possible for students to do different jobsafter graduation. The formal disciplines could play a great role in thetraining of students' intelligence, for example, Greek and Latin coulddevelop students' faculty of memory while math and logic could trainstudents' logical thinking. The content of the subjects was of littleimportance. This way of teaching can be called the earliest universal abilities education.While the supporters of Material Discipline Theory held the oppositeview, they thought that these subjects with practical use should beestablished such as modem languages, history, geography, math, physics,astronomy, chemistry, business and law, because it was the duty of theschool that practical knowledge should be taught which prepared thestudents for their future jobs. The development of intelligence had littlesignificance, (pedagogy, Wang Daojun, Wang Hanlan, 1999)
……………
1.2 Theoretical Basis
The theoretical foundations for the present study are the formaldiscipline theory, transfer theory and ability development，英语论文，英语论文
|
