Abstract：
Nathaniel Hawthorne is considered as a pioneer of American romantic and psychoanalytic novel in the 19th century. The Scarlet Letter, one of his masterpieces, has drawn readers’ and critics’ attention since its first publication in1850. Many scholars from home and abroad analyzes this work from the perspective of symbolism, mythological archetype and feminism and in their eyes, Chillingworth is a hypocrite and the real devil responsible for the love tragedy of Hester and Dimmesdale. Few of them, however, analyze objectively the evolvement, cause and revelation of Chillingworth’s degraded nature and distorted mind. Based on the previous researches on the character of Chillingworth, therefore, this paper tries to analyze these aspects by applying Freudian psychoanalytic theories, mainly the personality structure. It is Chillingworth’s inflated id that causes his unscrupulous vengeance and distorted mind. In order to alleviate suffering, Chillingworth employs projection and fixation to protect himself. He attributes the source of his pain to Dimmesdale and thus hinders the development of his own personality. Chillingworth pours all his energy into his rival, the minister, so the death of Dimmesdale makes him lose the meaning of life. One year after the minister’ death, Chillingworth also died. The paper, therefore, concludes that Chillingworth’s over-indulgence of his id leads to the collapse of the subject, from which revelation is made that only by balancing id, ego and superego can the personality develop into normal.
Key words：The Scarlet Letter; personality structure; vengeance; projection and fixation; id; ego; superego
摘 要：
纳撒尼尔•霍桑被认为是19世纪美国浪漫主义小说和心理略论小说的开创者。《红字》是他的代表作之一，该著作在1850年第一次出版就引起了读者和评论界的关注。国内外学者大多从象征主义、神话原型以及女性主义等角度来略论小说人物，认为齐林沃斯是以一个制造爱情悲剧的伪君子和魔鬼。然而他们关于齐林沃斯本性堕落和心灵扭曲的过程、成因以及启示却鲜有论述。本文正是基于现有的探讨成果，尝试应用弗洛伊德心理学理论，主要是人格结构理论来对小说人物齐林沃斯进行这方面的略论与探讨。齐林沃斯极度膨胀的本我导致其不择手段的复仇从而形成扭曲的心理。为了减轻痛苦,齐林沃斯采用了自我防御机制中的投射与固定。他将自己的痛苦根源归结于迪梅斯代尔牧师,因此阻碍了自己的人格发展。齐林沃斯将所有的精力都投注到了他的情敌牧师身上，因此牧师的死使得齐林沃斯失去了生存的意义。在牧师死后一年，英语论文题目，齐林沃斯的生命也走向了终点。因此，本文得出结论：齐林沃斯过分放纵本我，导致了他主体的坍塌。从中得到启示：只有本我，自我及超我平衡发展才能建立健全的人格。
关键词：《红字》；人格结构理论；复仇；投射于固定；本我；自我；超我
1 Introduction
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804—1864) is an influential novelist and a pioneer of American romantic and psychoanalytic novel in the 19th century. The Scarlet Letter is one of his masterpieces. His fiction deals with the themes of guilt and secrecy, and shows his constant preoccupation with the effects of Puritanism in New England. He is fond of using symbols to reveal the psychology of his characters and giving dramatic forms to the universal dilemmas of humanity.
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