《介词with及其用法的探索》-----英语论文网
摘 要: 摘要:同一个介词与不同的动词、副词搭配,其意义不尽相同,探讨一个介词,关键是把握其本义,进而认识其引申意义,就会深刻领会该介词的诸多整体意义。
关键词: WITH; 本义; 引申义
“没有介词就没有英语,没有动词就没有汉语”这就是说同一句话中国人经常用动词表达,而英国人有时用动词,有时用介词表达。因为英语有时用介词表达抽象的概念,有时用动词表述具体的事物,这自然而然就形成了“汉河英界”的语法规则。
1.He fell in love with her.与His love of her is blind.
介词with表示“人与人的联系”。“love with her”有互爱的含义,至于“love of her”在语法书和词典中都不讲of的些种意义和影响,实际上这一现象在英语中非常常见。
2. Would you like to cooperate with me in managing the company?“with me”(=合作)
We are going to discuss the matter with the teacher.“with the teacher=与老师(讨论)
Take your wife with you.“take…with”(=带来)
Boys dont' generally play with girls.“with”(=和)
So when you say you do something with someone else you both do it together.
3. Stop-fighting with your brother.“with”表示“互相”。比: Iraq is fighting against America.“against”无“互相”之意,只有抵抗之意。比: Man has been fighting all kinds of disease.“fight”(不带with或against)有企图消灭的意义。
4. They are in love with each other.比: He loves her.第一句“with”表示“相互”,第二句只说他爱她,并没有明确说明她也爱他。His lover of her is unrequited.他是单恋。
5. They live in a house with modern furniture.有现代化家私的屋子。with由“在一起”的原意引伸为“有”。类例: She came in with a smile. (面带笑容,with等于带). He is an old man with a white beard.有白胡子。China is a very large country with a long history. with=有。Iv' e received from my friends a letter with a piece of good news about our hometown. (with等于带来好消息的信件)。He is reading with a pipe in his mouth. (with等于口衔着、叨着。)She speaks with tears in her eyes. (with等于眼含着。)在英语中是用介词表示,而在汉语中是用动词表述相同的意见。
6. Dont' go out in the rain with no rain coat on.下雨了,不要不穿雨衣就出门。with no rain coat on等于不穿雨衣, in the rain表示“人在雨中”.
7. She is with child.怀孕She is playing with a child.同一个小孩玩。with/无冠词的child等于怀孕;with/有冠词的child等于同、和、与。
8. Liquid usually expands with the increase of temperature. Liquid usually expands while the temperature increase.液体通常随温度的增加而膨胀。with等于while. With advancing age, reactions become slower. with等于随着(伴随)。His earnings increased with his power. With =在同时,如果是not with,则表示两个动作不能同时进行。He can not go on reading with the radio
talking so loudly.
9. The girl was killed by a rascal with a knife. W ith =用,不可以说The girl was killed by a knife. This dumb girl talks with her fingers and gestures.用手指和姿态说话。We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. They pass the evening with cards and music.
With等于靠(采用各种工具和手段)。
10. With your help I have succeeded in my experiment.比:Without your help I could not have succeeded in my experiment.
With等于有, without等于没有。因为后一句等于虚拟,意为既定没有(虚拟could not have succeeded;事实have succeeded)
11. One must work on preposition with great care and assiduity. Work with care等于carefully, with表示“工作与仔细同时进行”。
12. Do you want your coffee with sugar? With等于加,由原意“在一起”转义为“加”。
13. The tyrant thought:“he who is not with me is against me, so he must be done away with”不同意我的人就是反对我,我必须杀掉他。With等于同意、赞成, against等于反对,with与away搭配的重点在away等于离开,含义是“杀”。If someone says that they are with you, they mean that they understand what you are talking about and they support or approve of what you are doing.
比:Are you for or against the proposal？ Im' all for it. (口语) For等于同意。这里与with意义相同。注意:with用表示人与人之间, for用于人与事物之间, for的原意是指“目的”或“为了什么”在这里转义为“同意”。
14. Down with the tyrant.打倒暴君:Up with a good leader.拥护好领导。Off with the gown and with the military uniform.脱下旗袍,穿上军装。Away with old ideas.丢掉旧思想。这些特殊形式的英语表达法是以with为基础,添上不同的副词;如down, up, away, off, on等,而这些副词并无固定的意义,而必须与不同的的名词(作为with做宾语)搭配才能产生与宾语有关的动词意义。down with =打倒, up with=拥护、，英语论文范文，英语毕业论文 |
