网范文：“Causes and Ramification of Hunger in Africa” 这是一篇社会范文，谈论的是对于非洲国家贫穷落后的状况以及原因。20世纪下半叶，几乎整个非洲大陆被欧洲殖民者征服，英语毕业论文，剥削非洲国家，英语论文范文，根据他们的便利他们划定边界。当二战结束后，非洲国家从他们的魔爪中独立出来,主要部落和种族之间的斗争也随之而来。结果是民主制度的缺乏,政治不稳定和经济发展水平负增长。在这个过程中,缺乏民主权利导致他们贫困、失业等,所有这一切都导致了饥饿的恶性循环,成为政治动荡的原因。非洲国家近三分之一的人口遭受饥饿。即使有食物,也没有钱购买，根据联合国开发计划署的估计,撒哈拉沙漠以南国家的饥饿人数9400万，这些国家的16.5%的儿童死于饥饿、营养不良和相关问题。()
The causes and ramification of hunger in Africa upto the second half of the 20th century almost the entire African continent was under subjugation of European colonial powers which believed only in exploitation the African countries.
These colonial powers demarcated the boundaries of their areas of control according to their convenience and on the basis of social, geographical and cultural realities. When these powers freed the African nations from their clutches, power, struggle among major tribal and ethnic groups in most of the African nations ensued.
Power was grabbed by a few persons using undemocratic and often violent means. This led to rise of military and doctorial forms of rule in these nations. The result was lack of growth of democratic institutions, perpetual political instability and a low or negative level of economic and social development.
In the process, the common people were left unattended and lack of democratic rights made them unalterable to poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, malnutrition etc, all this led to the creation of vicious circle where hunger become both cause as well as effect of political instability e.g., Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Rwanda, Burundi, Yogo, Sudan, Ivory Coast, Nigeria etc.
In these countries nearly one-third of the population suffers from hunger. Even where there is food available, people do not have money to buy it and hence, die of hunger. According to the estimates of UNDP, the number of hungry people in sub-Saharan countries has gone up 94 million in 1970 to 183 millions in 2017. 16.5% children in these countries die of hunger, malnutrition and associated problems, before they are able to attain the age of 5 years.
The ramification of hunger in this continent can be seen as follows:
a. It had led to mass migration of people from drought and strife hit areas to neighbouring countries.
b. This exodus escalates the ethnic tensions.
c. Hunger has aggravated AIDS problem in Africa due to rise in prostitution.
d. International aid agencies such as Red Cross, UNICEF, WHO etc are rendering help, but only with partial success due to apathy of the local in these regions.
e. Developed countries are using hunger as political weapons to project their own agenda. They have an eye on the untapped mineral and hydroelectrically resources of the continent.
f. Hunger has made international community force African leadership to introduce democracy and more rights to the people.()
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