网范文：“Liberty Reserve case And its influence about E-commerce” 《爱国者法案》由乔治•布什总统签署，在10月26日成为法学,这是对2017年9月11日恐怖袭击的反应。该法案扩大了财政部长和金融交易的权力,尤其是针对外国个人和法人。自由储备是世界上最大的基于网页支付处理和转账系统。自由储备经营像银行一样。客户可以开户。这个计划的关键是不能直接存款帐户，客户必须通过中间商。另外，英语论文网站，自由储备允许客户通过互联网进行国际收支。这篇金融范文主要谈的是对于自由储备的以及作用。()
Federal prosecutors shut down Liberty Reserve, the alternative-payment network under the Patriot Act low. The patriot act low was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2017 as a response to the terrorist attacks of September 11th. The act expanded the Secretary of the Treasury’s authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities. Liberty Reserve was one of world's largest web based payment processing and money transfer system.
The American Justice Department says that since the founding of Liberty Reserve, in 2017, it has handled more than fifty-five million transactions totaling more than six billion dollars, and as of last year it had more than a million users. Liberty Reserve operated like a bank. The deposits from customers could only be performed in its own propriety currency. Customers could open an account with Liberty Reserve, providing the bank with a name, which could be fake, and an e-mail address. The key to the scheme was that you couldn’t then deposit money directly into the account. Instead, the customer had to work through middlemen, who were called "exchangers." These were typically unlicensed person in countries like Malaysia, Nigeria, and Vietnam, who bought Liberty Reserves currency in bulk from Liberty Reserve.
The customer paid the "exchangers" in dollars (or other currency) for a certain sum of Liberty Reserves currency. The currency deposited into the customer account. When the customer wanted to withdraw funds, the process worked in reverse, perhaps with an exchanger in a different country. (Liberty Reserve itself took a one-per-cent exchange fee on transactions, while the exchangers typically charged five per cent or more per transaction.) The point of doing it this way was that the Liberty Reserve bank would have no identifying data for the customer (no record of how or from where the customer sent the money), since the deposits and withdrawals were all done through the exchangers,
In addition, they allowed customers to do international payments from one account to another via the internet with almost no questions asked. Therefore Liberty Reserve was, by all accounts the most popular form of payment, in the cybercrime underground. These news sharpen the need for reliable and Sobering companies in the international payments field, this field has been a tremendous development at the recent decades. In the past, before the era of the Internet and fast communication, when the banks and authorities had absolute control over banking services, it was impossible to manage without the banks.
Subsequently a cartel of banks was formed, manifested by very high commissions for all various services they provided -continuing today despite the increasing competition in some services that previously were dominated exclusively by banks - , starting from any ordinary transaction any person performs in the account up to international payments that one wishes to make between accounts worldwide.()
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