网人范文：“Rensis Likert's Contribution to Management” 这篇管理范文研讨了对于李克特对管理的贡献，李克特是社会科学探讨所主任,他进行了广泛的探讨。他著名的著作包括《人类组织管理新模式》。他认为传统的工作,监督的缘故是低效率和低的士气，英语论文题目，而事实上监督并无多大用处。他强调参与管理领域的决策。下面的内容主要论述了对于他在管理上的思想。
Likert was the Director of Institute of Social Sciences, Michigan, U.S.A. He conducted extensive research for fourteen years with the help of 40 researchers in the field of leadership. His famous writings included: New Patterns of Management (1961), Human Organisation (1967). He was of the opinion that traditional job- oriented supervision was the cause of low productivity and low morale. He emphasised participative management in the field of decision-making. He divided management styles into the following categories:
(i) Exploitative Autocratic:
There is no participation of workers because these leaders have no confidence in them.
(ii) Benevolent Autocratic:
There is no proper confidence in subordinates and the relationship is that of a master and servant.
(iii) Participative:
The subordinates are allowed to participate in decisions involving their lives. Leader does not have full confidence in them.
(iv) Democratic:
In this style, the confidence in subordinates is full and they meaningfully participate in decision-making.
In order to integrate individual and organisational goals, Likert developed the concept of 'linking pin'. There are certain persons who are members of more than one group. These persons act as 'linking pin’; they are the leaders for the lower groups and act as members of the upper groups. This model has upward orientation and decision-making scale having 51 items for evaluating leadership styles of individual leaders.
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