网范文：“Draft of the ” 本章旨在提供有关其将要讨论和引用文献著作的背景资料。通过主体性和个性在历史作品的审查，在文本的主体性的进一步探讨奠定了基础可以同时建立的作者，读者和探讨者。
1.Background information
This chapter aims to provide the background information of relate literature works which will be discussed and cited. Through the review of subjectivity and selfhood in the historical works, the foundation for further research of the subjectivity in the texts can be established for author, readers and the researchers as well. The following
In addition, the modernist ideas of selfhood and subjectivity has also been examined to help readers have a comprehensive understanding about the meaning and connotation of subjectivity, which will facilitate the deeper research about the selfhood in the following chapters.
1.1The related literature works
Texts for nothing, one of Samuel Beckett’s works, is a collection and gathering of three stories: "The Expelled," "The Calmative," and "The End". To be more specific, these three stories describes that old men drift from place to place homeless and miserable and have to find a new place to live.
1.2Modernist ideas of selfhood and subjectivity
Selfhood and subjectivity has been discussed in large quantity of literature works since human beings are self-focused to some extent. In this case, the research and study of subjectivity will be tackled to fulfill the curiosity about the selfhood of human beings.
The great writers in contemporary and modern world are not impressed by the scientific and achievements, which makes them disturbed by a feeling of lost identity and lost of selfhood. Besides, the tininess of individuals in the nature and universe makes thinkers and writers eager to find selfhood and identity, which hasten the birth of a large quantity of literature works. To be more specific, the great writer like Samuel Beckett, Greene, Salinger, Osborne, Baldwin and other with the thoughts to deal with their spiritual vacuity. Their search for selfhood and subjectivity directly results in the theorization and conceptualization of “self” in their literature works. These writers adopted strategies like the representation of literary existentialism and anti-hero, which provide in the process of the research attractive and new insights into their literature.
2.The subjectivity in literature works
This chapter will specifically discuss the theorization and conceptualization of selfhood in Texts for Nothing and other related works based on the foundation of previous content. The discussion of modernism ideas of subjectivity can be unfold to the following two aspects: The “self” and “subject” theorized by thinkers in historical texts later works and the differences and similarities of different era. Through the comparison, we can explore and develop an insight for the subjectivity hidden in the works of both modern and contemporary world.
2.1The “self” and “subject” theorized by thinkers in historical texts
Generally speaking, writers will theorize “self” and “subject” in their literature works. Similarly, Samuel Beckett also theorize the image and figure of “self” in Texts for nothing.
Actually, the old man in three stories is the embodiment of “self” and human beings. The experience of the characters is the reflection of the contemporary life of average people. Through describing and portraying the character and his encounters, the subjectivity can be indicates and “self” can be reflected.
2.2The new subjectivity offered in texts
Besides the subjectivity and the description about “self” in historical literature, there are also many works discussing this topic in later era. As a consequence, the theorization of “self” and subjectivity may differentiate from the previous works. The differences in description and portraying can be examined to analyze the subjectivity in texts more comprehensively.
3.Evaluation and conclusion
This chapter will evaluate the theorization and conceptualization of subjectivity in Texts for Nothing and other related literature works. By evaluating the historical texts and compare its similarities and differences with later works in terms of the representation of “subjectivity”, this can further study the modernism ideas of subjectivity and selfhood.
In conclusion, texts for nothing compose historical documents regarding the conceptualization and theorization of humanism. To be more specific, the selfhood and subjectivity has been theorized and materialize in great details. By examining the subjectivity in historical texts, we can have a more concrete and comprehensive understandings about the subjectivity in contemporary existing texts. -M
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