本文主要略论的是为什么罗森伯格可以欺骗这么多人的范文。文章主要关于针关于人的一种虚荣心心里进行略论女性遇到罗森伯格容易受到伤害或者欺骗，英语论文，进一步分心其原因。
When a charming, successful, dashing billionaire baron express love or show kindness to you, what would you react? Reject or accept? For most people, it’s hard to resist the charm or benefits from the baron. Possibly, the person would feel that she/he is so lucky like a pie in the sky. This is what happened to Antoinette, Lorraine, Zavoianu, and James … etc. in “The Yorkville Swindler” case.
People tend to process the information they see or sense and form the overall cognition. This exactly reflects the process of perception [1]. However, not all the perception process can attain a fair and impartial result. Cognitive bias is inevitable in perception [2]. And halo effect is one well-known kind of cognitive bias. The halo effect means that an observer's overall impression of a person influences the observer's feelings and thoughts about that person’s character or properties [3]. Every time Rosenberg met a new woman or a potential victims, he took them to his penthouse apartment, to swanky restaurants, or took them to participate the upscale parties which are only open to small sphere. The upper class lifestyle make them believe Rosenberg is a real baron and magnate. After the formation of that kind of impression, they are inclined to believe whatever Rosenberg says about his wealthy, company, education background and other experience.
Selective perception also exist in the victims’ perception. Selective perception refers the concept that people tend not to notice and care the things that make them feel uncomfortable or contradict their previous beliefs [4]. In this case, the victims organize the Rosenberg’s information selectively. And based on his previous behavior and performance, they believe his a magnate. To some extent, Antoinette ignored some wired behavior of Rosenberg, such as not paying the bill, occupying most of her time and discouraging her from getting in touch with her friends. This definitely proves the selective perception.
Nick Steed, a Canadian journalist, formed the impression of Rosenberg as funny, magnetic, and humorous at first. So, when he was talking with Rosenberg about arts, he did doubt his knowledge about art when Steed found Rosenberg did not even know Freud at that time. This expression coincides with that the anchoring effect stresses. Anchoring effect is another kind of cognitive bias and reflects observers’ inclination that they rely too much on the initial information offered (the "anchor") when making decisions [5].
Another reason for people’s irrational judgments toward Rosenberg is because of their overconfidence. In the case, almost all the victims are outstanding and distinctive people in either companies or in their fields, some of them are even celebrities, for example, Antoinette was an executive director, Lorraine Monk was a highly respected photographer, and James was a successful businessman. However, they all are deceived by what Rosenberg said and done. They make judgment about Rosenberg from his words, appearance, his living environment, etc., rather than make a thorough investigation about him. Some of his information can be easily exposed, such as his education background and jail record. This cannot be denied that their pathetic experience is due to their overconfidence in making judgments.
References:
[1]. Fazio, R.H., S.J. Sherman and P.M. Herr, The feature-positive effect in the self-perception process: Does not doing matter as much as doing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982. 42(3): p. 404.
[2]. Rosenzweig, P., The halo effect, and other managerial delusions. McKinsey Quarterly, 2017. 1: p. 76.
[3]. Thorndike, E.L., A constant error in psychological ratings. Journal of applied psychology, 1920. 4(1): p. 25-29.
[4]. Dearborn, D.C. and H.A. Simon, Selective perception: A note on the departmental identifications of executives. Sociometry, 1958: p. 140-144.
[5]. Jacowitz, K.E. and D. Kahneman, Measures of anchoring in estimation tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995. 21: p. 1161-1166.
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