涉嫌非法入境是指非法途径进入美国或在非移民签证（如学生，英语论文，旅游或参观）合法入境但逾期未返回，英语论文题目，并在美国的外籍人士永久落户。文章主要讲的是非法银民的原因，以及非法移民关于美国造成的安全威胁以及本土作用
Introduction
The alleged illegal immigration refers to illegal ways to enter the United States or on a non-immigrant visa (such as students, travel or visit) legal entry but overdue non-returning and permanently settled in the United States foreign people. The U.S. illegal migrants appeared in the “period of limitations and choose to emigrate,” the imbalance in economic development between the United States and their hometown, is the main reasons for production of illegal migrant. After a long historical development, the U.S. illegal migrants have gradually become immigration. Illegal immigrants oneself becoming one of the important factors of U.S. non-traditional security, has aroused the American widespread concern in the American society. Illegal migrants were given”amnesty” policy from the Act in 1986, so was caused of the illegal migrant population to increase quickly. They were regarding the United States as beautiful heaven to make money. Thus more illegal immigrants started swarming into this land. Among them, the Mexican is the most main source of illegal immigration. Although the illegal migrant has made certain contribution to American development, the negative effects of illegal immigration actually is increasingly significant.
However, with the development of the society and the change of international political environment, the extension of national security becomes more broadly, except for politics and militaries. It also includes economics, social, cultural and other aspects (桑 31). After "9 · 11" incident, the core of the national security strategy goal is to maintain American homeland security and guard against a wide range of terrorist attacks. Under the guidance of this strategy, the U.S. government has adopted a variety of the policy means to ensure national security, including strengthening the control and management of illegal immigrants. Furthermore, the American public transformed their consciousness of the U.S. homeland security. The government also made defending of homeland security as one of the most important strategic task and put into lots of efforts. One of them is restructuring the immigration agency by creating the department of homeland security (Slobodan 45). Because many terrorist in the "9 · 11" incident have experiences of immigration in the United States, many of which are illegal immigrants. The incident once again rose rethinking of the relationship for illegal immigrants and homeland security the American society.
So, does illegal immigration pose a threat to the U.S. national security? Whether there is a kind of inevitable logic relationship between them? This will do analyses and evaluations of these two questions from three aspects, social security, homeland security and cultural security.
Body
Firstly, illegal immigration poses a threat to the U.S. national security
The so-called social security mainly refers to the relationship between the illegal immigration and the crime rate of American society. Whether there is a certain correlation between illegal immigrants and the United States social security? We will first elaborate this problem.
The correlation with illegal immigrants and U.S. social security is not just illegal immigrants themselves who can participate in a series of illegal and criminal activities, but also other criminal activities in object to illegal immigrants. Specifically, the correlation is mainly manifested in the following two aspects. First of all, illegal immigrants who pay for cost of crossing boundary engage in drug trafficking and organized crime. In order to improve the success rate of illegal border crossing, the illegal immigrants have turned to people smugglers (in the US-Mexico border, these people smugglers are often referred to as "coyotes"). On the one hand, the human trafficking group makes money by helping illegal immigrants across the border; on the other hand, they will do drug trafficking and other organized crime activities. Obviously, they have got double identities, namely "coyotes" and "organized crime group ". As a result of higher "coyotes" commission, many illegal border crossers are unable to pay in cash. In this case, the illegal border crossers will tend to help people smugglers carry a small amount of the drug to pay for commissions (Hanson 1996). An apparent growing number of illegal immigrants are often intertwined with the international smuggling activities. They are usually associated with organized crimes, among which drug smuggling is the most serious case. In addition, the illegal immigrants are involved in other crime activities such as the gang violence, forge or identity theft. Secondly, illegal immigrants themselves are victims of crime, which also become an important aspect of the relationship between illegal immigration and the U.S. crime rate. Assault against illegal immigrants is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the abuse of illegal workers and creates new "slavery". Two is the forced illegal immigrants engaged in the porn industry. Since illegal immigrants are often the first-selected objects of criminal violation, crime activities involved with illegal immigrants emerge one after another. This causes a kind of illusion to the American public that illegal immigrants and criminal activities are necessarily associated.
Homeland security mainly refers to the relationship between the illegal immigration and terrorism. Homeland security is the national joint effort to prevent terrorist attacks in the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the U.S. response to terrorism, and reduce loss of terrorist attacks and recovery after it." (Hanson 2017)
If people's perception about illegal immigration and U.S. national security before "9 · 11" event have just focused on border security and crime activities related to illegal immigrants, such as drug smuggling, trafficking in persons, so after "9 · 11" event, American society’s cognition for illegal immigrants and America's national security is more focused on the actual threats caused by the terrorist attacks on the U.S. homeland security. (Hanson 2017) More importantly, after "9 · 11" terrorist attacks, Americans have become unusually sensitive to homeland security and regarded immigration (particularly illegal immigration) as terrorists’ tools, that become a serious threat to U.S. national security concerns.
From perspectives of social security and homeland security, we will find out that the illegal immigration definitely poses a threat to the U.S. national security and triggers instability to the whole American society.
Secondly, if there exists inevitable logical relationship between illegal immigration and U.S. national security
To a large extent, the interrelation between the illegal immigration and crime rate is the result of people’s false cognition. In the eyes of many Americans, the behavior of the illegal immigrants first has violated the laws of the United States. They are the lawbreakers in nature. As a result, many Americans will naturally link the illegal immigrants with crime. However, many researchers have found that there is no connection between illegal immigration and crime rates. At the same time, the crime rate of illegal immigration is not higher than native American born. The Immigration Policy Center made a study of immigrants and native born on the crime rate. The outcome indicates that the crime rate of foreign born (legal immigrants and illegal immigrants) crime rate is lower than the native born.
Measuring the impact of the immigration crime is in the maze of statistics. The main limitation of existing statistics of crime is of not knowing their immigration status. We often don't know who committed the crime, especially from the victim's that we don't know if he is an immigrant or native. Victims cannot be judged as illegal or legal immigrants, or naturalized or native-born citizens. Apparently, "the crime statistics of illegal immigration are particularly difficult"(James 386-387) Kristin F. Butcher also encountered the same dilemma in the process of research." Like the most of researches, we do not have an ideal data. Data lack has restricted when we can answer the question, especially that we can't specifically focus on undocumented population."As a result, “it is difficult to draw a strong conclusion of interrelation between immigration and crime.” (James 386-387)
If the U.S. challenges in terms of national identity completely due to illegal immigrants are obviously unfair. On the one hand, illegal immigrants culturally conservative constrains them to accept the mainstream of American culture, which constitutes a challenge for American cultural identity is indeed; On the other hand, illegal immigrants in the United States suffered discrimination and unfair treatment, is also caused by illegal immigrants into American society is an important reason. As you can imagine, in the free migration period, a lot of American society to accept immigrants, at this time there is no illegal immigration. All immigrants can be as an equal, through their own efforts to achieve their "American dream". As a result, they exist in such a society a great sense of identity and belonging.
So, does this mean that there is a direct positive relationship between the illegal immigrants and the U.S. homeland security? In other words, the increase of the illegal immigrants will inevitably lead to the deterioration of environment for the U.S. homeland security? This kind of logical judgments is biased. In fact, the impact of illegal immigration to the U.S. homeland security is indirect that it provides convenient conditions for terrorists infiltrated in the United States. "The vast majority of millions of illegal immigrants, even defectors, are not terrorists. However, illegal immigrants like tidal surge have provided a cover or a kind of culture, from which terrorists can hide or gain a reliable method of entry."(Jan 42) Moreover, the terrorist attack in the United States has a new characteristic, namely the terrorists’ localization. This also from another side indicates no necessary link between illegal immigration and terrorist activities.
Thus it can be seen through social security, homeland security and cultural security that the illegal immigration does not have an inevitable logic relationship with U.S. national security. It still requires further inside statistics to research and explore.
Conclusion
In conclusion from above all, there is a connection between illegal immigration and the U.S. national security. In a sense, the existence of illegal immigrants constitutes an actual or potential challenge to the U.S. national security and makes American national security environment become complicated. If, however, excessively exaggerating the correlation between them, or even think that illegal immigration is a serious threat to the national security, this viewpoint is untenable.
However, with the establishment of the immigration quota system, the United States for the immigrants to work in a more selective to many immigrants lost the chance come to America legally. At the same time, factors such as economic globalization and modernization of science and technology push the worldwide population flow, which makes a large number of immigrants in a variety of illegal ways to immigrate to the United States, illegal immigration is also growing. In this context, the United States stepped up controls on immigration, including through various means to combat illegal immigrants already in the beauty. Out of fear, there is no legal immigrants can only less contact with the external social identity, this will limit the illegal immigrants the opportunity to communicate with American culture, and also hindered the channel of illegal immigrants into American society. More importantly, these illegal immigrants feel the reality of the United States is not what they imagine that open, equality and justice, they are unfairly treated to their calls into question for the current American society, and even disgust. To some extent, the United States social which once lost its appeal and become refused to illegal immigrants into one of the important factors.
To a large extent, the fundamental reason is that for the illegal immigrants the American society holds an attitude of prejudice and discrimination and bears psychology of looking for a "scapegoat" in an emergency situation. By which, a negative image of illegal immigrants to national security threats is artificially created. From this perspective, the American society should firstly need to evaluate and reflect on themselves rather than others.
References:
Hanson G H, Spilimbergo A. “Illegal immigration, border enforcement, and relative wages: Evidence from apprehensions at the US-Mexico border” [R]. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
Hanson G H. “The economics and policy of illegal immigration in the United States”[M]. Migration Policy Institute, 2017.
Hanson G H, Scheve K, Slaughter M J, et al. “Immigration and the US economy: Labor-market impacts, illegal entry, and policy choices” [J]. Illegal Entry, and Policy Choices (May 2017), 2017.
Jan C. Ting. “Immigration and National Security” [J]. Orbis, Winter 2017: 42.
James P. Smith, Barry Edmonston. “The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration” [M]. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press, 1997: 386, 387.
Slobodan Djajic. “Dynamics of Immigration Control” [J]. Journal of Population Economics, Vo1. 12, No. 1, February, 1999: 45．
桑松森．”国家安全与国家安全学”[J]．国家安全通讯，1999(2)：31．
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