| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 调处官轨制是俄国沙皇当局在1861年农人改造时代设立的旨在调处田主与农人胶葛的特别轨制。调处官既肩负着折衷国度、农人、田主之间关系的任务，也承当着流传和贯彻国度政策法则的义务。调处官由省当局依据法则从本省贵族田主中推举人选，呈递给参议院录用。调处官的重要职责在于：调剂农人与田主之间在实行《1861年2月条例》时所产生的抵触；分派地盘和催促田主与农人之间“地盘契约”的签署；监视农人自治机关的组建。另外，调处官有权判决农人自治机关的选举成果，有权撤消农人代表会议的决议，有权处分农人。首批调处官出生于1861年改造早期(1861—1864年)，饰演了主要的脚色，特别是在乡村政治认识发蒙方面施展了主要感化。跟着改造赓续推动，乡村社会危机淡化，沙皇当局逐步增强对换停官机构的掌握，所以第二批调处官的感化遭到限制。到1874年，沙皇当局撤消调处官轨制。本文注释分为四个部门：第一部门引见俄国调处官轨制设立的汗青配景。俄国农奴制因腐败与落伍使得其破除成为汗青的必定，然则因为俄国陈旧的处所体系体例自己弗成战胜的弊病，俄语论文网站，而难以实行这项严重的社会工程。是以当局赓续测验考试找到一种新的门路来调剂和知足平易近众的请求，这条新的门路就是设置调处官轨制。第二部门具体引见了调处官轨制的运转机制。这一部门具体地引见了调处官的遴选进程和调处官的社会组成。因为国度司法给调处官界说的脚色是农奴束缚的直接实行者，从而惹起社会的高度存眷。国度对换停官的录用招致处所贵族田主之间弗成防止地睁开一场政治比赛。第三部门论述调处官的社会理论任务和他们与乡村两个阶层的关系。这一部门集中展现了首批调处官在改造最重要时代，在保持公共次序、查询拜访息争决农人与田主之间的胶葛、树立农人自治机构和催促地盘契约的制订和实行方面施展了主要的感化，特别是推进了俄国乡村政治平易近主化的成长。第四部门客不雅剖析调处官轨制的位置和感化，并指出其对转型时代俄国社会的启发。本文赐与调处官充足的确定，他们精彩地完成了汗青交给他们的义务，顺遂地履行了农奴束缚的改造。然则调处官的感化不只仅于此，它同时激活了俄国社会的政治生涯，增进了俄国社会政治的变更。这类变更惹起国度对换停官机构的担心，俄语论文题目，从而赓续增强对该机构的掌握。第二批调处官现实上已没法持续施展感化，终究于1874年被沙皇当局所撤消。 Abstract: Mediation officer rail system is the Russian tsarist authorities established in 1861 farmers transforming time to mediation landowner and farmer glue Gregory special rail system. Mediation officer is shouldering the eclectic country, farmer and landowner relationship between tasks, but also bear the spread and implement the obligation of national policy rule. The mediation officer by provincial authorities in accordance with the rule from the aristocratic landowners to elect candidates, submitted to the Senate. The important responsibility of the mediation officer is: adjust farmers and landowners in implementing the February 1861 Ordinance produced conflict; between the assigned territory and urged the landowner and farmer "land contract" signed; surveillance farmers of organs of self-government are established. Also mediation officer is entitled to judgment farmers the organs of self-government of the election results, have the right to cancel the resolutions of the conference on behalf of the farmers, has the right to dispose of the farmer. The first mediation officer was born in 1861 reforming early (1861 - 1864), played the important role, especially in rural political understanding illuminative display the main effect. Along with reform and continuously promote, dilute the rural social crisis, the Tsarist authorities gradually enhanced exchange officer institution of master stopped, so the action of the second batch of mediation officer was limited. By 1874, Russian authorities revoked mediation officer system. This note is divided into four departments: the first department to introduce Russian mediation officer system set up the historical background. Because of corruption and backwardness, the Russian system of the Russian system has become an inevitable result of the history, but it is difficult to implement this serious social project because of the disadvantages of the old system of local system. Is the government continuously test to find a new roads to adjust and satisfy plain nearly all of the request, the new roads is to set up mediation officer rail system. The second department introduces the specific operation mechanism, mediation system. This department specifically introduces the mediation officer selection process and the composition of social mediation officer. For the kingdom to the judicial mediation officer role definition is directly bound serfs doer, causing social concern. Stop hiring officer on land between the aristocratic landowners incurred premises inevitably open a political game. Social theory of task third departments and they discussed mediation officer and rural two class relations. The Department shows the first mediation officer in the transformation of the most important time, maintain public order, inquires the visit information must between farmers and landowners glue Gregory, establish farmers autonomous organization and urged the land contract formulation and implementation in the display the important role, especially push forward the growth of Russian rural political democracy. Fourth men indecent mediation system analysis officer position and role, and pointed out that the transition period of Russian social enlightenment. This paper give mediation officer sufficient determine their wonderful completed the history to their obligations, smoothly carry out bound serfs transformation. However, mediation officer role not only in this. It also activate the Russian society's political career, enhance the Russian social and political change. This kind of change on the official stop cause national institutions concerned, so as to continuously enhance the mechanism of the master. The second batch of mediation has no official reality continues to play role, eventually in 1874 by the Russian authorities have withdrawn. 目录: |
