《俄罗斯帝国》一哈克斯特豪森眼中的19世纪俄国王[俄语论文]

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奥古斯特·冯·哈克斯特豪森是普鲁士的一位贵族。1843年受尼古拉一世之邀在俄国游历考核半年,归国以后完成《俄罗斯帝国》一书。在这部两卷本的作品中,他侧重强调了俄国乡村公社及其自治传统。以赫尔岑为代表的俄国常识份子接收了这一思惟并成为平易近粹主义思惟的焦点内容之一本文具体阐述了俄国乡村公社的发明和哈克斯特豪森的村社实际,并依据档案材料对哈克斯特豪森的实际停止了辨析。能否是哈克斯特豪森起首“发明”了俄国乡村公社,学界在赓续提出质疑,但哈氏的作品将俄国乡村公社引见到欧洲,惹起了欧洲社会的思虑和对斯拉夫世界的存眷。东正教也是哈克斯特豪森存眷的另外一个主要层面。俄国人忠诚的宗教崇奉对他的震动很年夜,俄语论文题目,他在加入贵族沙龙的进程中得以与斯拉夫派和东方派有了交换,他在斯拉夫派和东方派身上都找到了与本身宗教不雅绝对应的内容但又不尽雷同。在他看来,西欧列国对哲学和感性的过度崇尚指引他们用逻辑推理的措施追求真谛。比拟较而言,东正教更好地坚持了基督教的传统和内核。然则,俄语论文,东正教也面对着教派林立、信众流掉的严重威逼;而处理俄国宗教危机乃至社会政治危机最好的措施就是基督教的结合,即坚持东正教朴素实质的同时接收上帝教体系的教义和布道措施来抢救赓续虚弱的东正教。除对俄国乡村公社和东正教阐述外,哈克斯特豪森还对19世纪俄国的社会全体面貌停止了描写。从农奴制的改造到对贵族的改革,再到贸易交通成绩和妇女位置,从各个方面临其时俄国存在的社会成绩提出了可行性的建议。然则尼古拉一世固然对他观赏有加,却并没有气魄来实行一场周全性的社会改造;并且1848年的欧洲反动风暴就要来袭,所以哈克斯特豪森作为一名守旧而带有浪漫主义颜色的改造家,他的幻想必定要归于掉败。

Abstract:

August von Haxthausen was a Prussian nobleman. In 1843 Nicola I of Russia invited to travel half a year after returning to complete the assessment, "the Russian Empire" of a book. In the two volumes of the book, he emphasized the Russian rural commune and its autonomy tradition. Herzen as the representative of the Russian intellectuals received this thought and became plain near the Nazi ideology of one of the focuses of this paper elaborates the Russian rural commune of invention and huxter Haosen village actual, and on the basis of the archival materials of huxter Haosen actual stop discrimination. Whether is huxter Haosen chapeau "invented" the Russian rural commune, scholars challenged ceaselessly, but Harrington's book the Russian rural commune introduced to Europe, cause the European Society for consideration and to the Slavic world concern. Another aspect is the main orthodox Haxthausen concern. Russians loyalty of the religious beliefs of his shock is very big, he joined aristocratic salons in the process can be and Slavophiles and Oriental sent the exchange in, he in the Slavophiles and Oriental School who found and religion itself indecent absolute content but not the same. In his view, the Western European countries to Philosophy and perceptual excessive advocating to guide their logical reasoning with the pursuit of truth. In contrast, the orthodox better adhere to the Christian tradition and the kernel. However, the orthodox facing denominations everywhere, believers drain serious threat; and Russian Religious Crisis and the crisis of social and political. The best method is Christianity with that adhere to the essence of orthodox simple and receive God teach system of doctrine and method of preaching to save gengxu weakness of the Eastern Orthodox Church. In addition to the Russian rural commune and orthodox introduction, huxter Hartson also of 19th century Russian society as a whole face stop the description. To reform the nobility from the transformation of serfdom, and to trade traffic problems and women's position, from the aspects of Pro Russian when existing social achievements put forward feasible suggestions. However, Nicholas life while on his watch and without boldness of vision to carry out a comprehensive social transformation; and in 1848 European revolution storm struck, so huxter Stockhausen as a conservative and a romantic color of the home renovation, his imagination must be attributed to failure.

目录:

摘要   3-4   Abstract   4-5   绪论   8-12       一、探讨的目的和意义   8       二、国内外探讨近况   8-11           (一) 国外探讨近况   8-10           (二) 国内探讨近况   10-11       三、探讨措施   11-12   第一章 哈克斯特豪森其人其书   12-18       第一节 出生及其生长环境   12-13       第二节 《俄罗斯帝国》的成书过程   13-16       第三节 《俄罗斯帝国》的作用   16-18   第二章 哈克斯特豪森与俄国农村公社   18-38       第一节 俄国农村公社的发现   18-23           一、哈克斯特豪森在普鲁士的探讨状况   18-20           二、哈克斯特豪森在俄国的调研及争论   20-23       第二节、哈克斯特豪森的村社理论   23-28           一、农村公社的概念   23-25           二、俄国农村公社的民族性   25-28       第三节 对哈克斯特豪森村社理论的辨析   28-38   第三章 哈克斯特豪森与东正教   38-52       第一节 哈克斯特豪森眼中的东正教   38-42           一、西方派的宗教观   38-39           二、斯拉夫派的宗教观   39-41           三、哈克斯特豪森与西方派及斯拉夫派宗教观念的差异   41-42       第二节 哈克斯特豪森眼中的分裂教派和宗教运动   42-44       第三节、哈克斯特豪森对各个教派的论述   44-52           一、史敦达派   45-46           二、反教堂派   46-47           三、反仪式派   47-49           四、门诺派   49-52   第四章 哈克斯特豪森眼中19世纪俄国社会面貌   52-62       第一节 农奴制改革   52-54       第二节 19世纪俄国的商业交通状况和移民问题   54-56           一、交通方面   54-55           二、移民问题   55-56       第三节、19世纪的俄国贵族   56-60           一、割裂的贵族阶层   56-57           二、对贵族的改造   57-60       第四节、对于妇女地位   60-62   结论   62-68   参考文献   68-70   致谢   70-72   攻读学位期间探讨成果   72  

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