| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文题目，俄语论文，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 从18世纪中期诺曼实际发生以来,古罗斯国度来源成绩就成为俄国粹者和东方学者研究的主要课题之一。但因为该成绩庞杂而严重,故本文只拔取个中的一个正面,即侧重解读和评析古罗斯国度来源的反诺曼说,以期对这一成绩的深刻研究有所裨益。沙皇俄国时代的反诺曼派学者重要着重于“瓦良格人是谁”这一成绩的研究。因为不雅点比拟疏散,他们既没有提出古罗斯国度树立的新不雅念,也没有引入研究的新办法和新史料与诺曼派相对抗,反诺曼实际没有对诺曼实际组成真实的威逼。不论是诺曼派照样反诺曼派,他们都只关怀古罗斯国度“是谁”树立的成绩,而没有提出古罗斯国度是“如何”树立的成绩。苏联学者着重于古罗斯国度是“如何”树立的成绩。根据马克思主义对于国度来源的普通实际,有学者开端强调古罗斯国度来源的外部身分,也有人提出,要把古罗斯国度的发生放到波罗的海沿岸各平易近族之间经济来往和文明交换的汗青年夜配景中来熟悉。跟着考古学的成长与完美,对该成绩的争辩也在考古学范畴停止。最近几年来,因为某些实际身分的变更,俄罗斯学者就又回到了“瓦良格人是谁”的成绩上,并提出了一些新的不雅点。笔者将古罗斯国度来源成绩的反诺曼说分为三个时代来研究,亦即本文的三个部门第一部门,Г.З.巴耶尔、Г.Ф.米勒尔等人提出了诺曼实际并获得一些学者的支撑而赓续成长。以М.В.罗蒙诺索夫为首的俄国粹者以为,诺曼实际对俄国来讲是一种凌辱,因而对该实际停止了剧烈的批评。笔者剖析了罗蒙诺索夫反诺曼说的重要论据及学者们在各个汗青时代对他的史学作品及史学不雅点的评价。18世纪中期今后,反诺曼说也获得一些学者的支撑而赓续成长。第二部门,笔者对恩格斯的国度来源实际经典阐述停止了再懂得。Б.Д.格列科夫从研究古罗斯的封建轨制动手,论述了罗斯地域的农业性质,论证了古罗斯国度来源的“农业罗斯”说,并对沙俄时代汗青学家В.О.克柳切夫斯基的“贸易罗斯”说停止批评。В.Т.帕舒托等学者以为,应当把古罗斯国度来源成绩放在罗斯地域与芬兰、斯堪的纳维亚和波罗的海南岸斯拉夫人的平易近族来往和文明交换的汗青年夜配景中来熟悉。对该成绩的熟悉也在苏联考古学范畴停止,且在苏联史学成长的前期阶段,学者们的不雅点日益稳健。笔者以为,在古罗斯国度树立进程中,农业是基本,贸易是主导,恰是两者的无机联合古罗斯国度才于9世纪中期树立。第三部门,因为实际情况的变更,最近几年来一些俄罗斯学者又回到了“瓦良格人是谁”的成绩下去。Г.И.阿诺辛提出了瓦良格人是外乡南方东斯拉夫人的新假说。В.В.福明在考核诺曼实际的汗青本源,研究波罗的海南岸斯拉夫人生涯情形的基本上,具体论证了瓦良格人的波罗的海南岸来源,这类不雅点一时成为俄国粹术界的主流不雅点。 Abstract: Since the mid 18th century Norman actually occurred, ancient Ross country origin has become one of the main subjects of Russian pure and Oriental scholar to study. But because of the numerous and serious, so this paper only choose the medium of a positive that focuses on interpretation and analysis of the source of ancient Rus state anti Norman said, to deep research on the benefit. Czarist Russia's anti Norman scholar important research focuses on the "who" is the achievement of kuznetsov. Because the indecent point comparison evacuation, they neither proposed ancient Rus country set up the new concept, has not introduced the research of new methods and new materials and Norman, send, anti Norman no practical for Norman actually constitutes the real threat. Whether Norman pie still anti Norman pie, they only care about ancient Rus state "is who" set of results, but not the ancient Rus state is "how to" set the record. Soviet scholars focus on the "how" of the ancient Ross's country to establish the results. According to Marxism on national origin and the general theory, scholars begin to emphasize ancient Ross national origin of external factors, also proposed to the ancient Rus state into the Baltic Sea coastal plain between ethnic economic ties and cultural exchange of sweat youth with evening scene to be familiar with. Along with the growth and perfection of archaeology, the debate on this issue has also stopped in the field of archaeology. In recent years, because of some practical identity change, Russian scholars went back to the "the Varangians who is", and puts forward some new point of view. The ancient Rus state the origin of anti Norman said points three times to discuss, namely the three sections. The first section. Gamma. Concerning the. Bayal, gamma. Phi. Millerite et al proposed Norman actual and get some scholars support the ceaseless development. With more than. Sometimes. Headed by Lomonosov Russian pure thought, Norman actual in terms of Russia is a kind of insult, and the actual stop the fierce criticism. The author analyzes the Lomonosov anti Norman said the important arguments, and the scholars in different historical times of his works on history and historiography indecent point evaluation. In mid eighteenth Century, anti Norman said also received some scholars support and ceaseless development. The second sector, the author of Engels's national origin of the actual classic exposition stopped to know. Ein. DHQ. Grekov from the study of ancient Ross hands-on feudal rail system, discusses the Ross regional agricultural properties, demonstrates the ancient Rus national origin of agriculture rose "said, and the Tsarist era historians.. OHL. Kliuchevsky" trade rose said stop criticizing. .. T71. Pashutuo scholars think, should be the ancient Rus national origin results in the area of Ross and Finland, Scandinavia Scandinavia and the Baltic coast of Hainan Slavs plain near family contacts and cultural exchange of sweat youth with evening scene to become familiar with. The familiar also in the category of Soviet archaeology stop, and in Soviet historiography growth stage, scholars indecent point increasingly robust. The author thinks, in the ancient Rus country is set up in the process, agriculture is the basic, trade is the dominant, exactly is both inorganic and ancient Rus state in the mid 9th century to establish. The third sector, because of a change of the actual situation, in recent years to some Russian scholars returned to the achievement of "the Varangians who is" down. This way. Put forward. Anokhin new hypothesis of local people Kuznetsov South East slavs. .. B.. Fuming in assessment of Norman actual historical origin, research the Baltic coast of Hainan Slavic career situation, expounds and proves the Varangians in the Baltic Sea coast sources. This kind of indecent point sometimes become Russian pure academic mainstream indecent point. 目录: |
