| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 以后学术界比拟风行的不雅点是，俄国斯托雷平地盘改造的动身点是显贵本位，改造的本质是“长子分居”，搀扶富农作为沙皇独裁当局的社会支柱，俄语论文范文，改造的成果是让多半农人承当改造的风险，多数富农和田主享用改造的好处。是以固然农业临盆力日新月异，俄语论文题目，但仍激起多半农人否决改造，如许，“经济长进步，政治上革命”的改造终究变成村社中兴活动及1917年反动。总之一句话：“从不公平的改造到反改造的反动”。然则笔者以为，1861年后地盘改造本是年夜势所趋，但直到1905—1907年反动(后文一概简称1905年反动)迸发后，沙皇当局才开端停止全体性的斯托雷平地盘改造，亡羊补牢，为时已晚；针对1905年反动而出炉的斯托雷平地盘改造，其动身点是稳固和次序，是以在改造进程中虽然没有年夜范围震动田主的地盘，但却也没有左袒富农，现实上贫农和富农在改造中都没有获得若干利益；改造的本质是树立农人地盘公有权和整顿地盘以损坏村社制，代之以家庭自耕农轨制(即树立独家田或独家农场)。不外，对很多农人来讲独家田和独家农场弗成能像村社的插花条田那样做到充足的公正，他们对村社制还很留恋；同时，农业临盆力也没有因地盘改造获得显著进步，在改造时代沙皇独裁当局靠紧缩国际贮备而完成的年夜范围食粮出口形成农人的广泛贫困化；另外，多数人乃至一人提出整顿份地的请求村社就得知足的划定使许多农人自愿加入改造；最初，因为改造的两项重要内容一树立地盘公有权与地盘整顿之间是一种悖论关系(假如要扩展地盘整顿的成就，就不免损坏地盘公有权，而假如要树立地盘公有权，就不克不及无穷制地停止地盘整顿)，在改造的过程中又着重地盘整顿，是以多半农人的地盘公有权常常遭到损坏而没有真正树立起来。这一切都惹起农人的不满，而这成为1917年反动的一年夜配景。斯托雷平愿望经由过程此次改造来完成社会转型以抢救沙皇政权，但斯托雷平改造是沙皇独裁体系体例内最年夜限制的改造，体系体例内改造的手腕老是会构成改造目的的对峙面，体系体例内改造也就老是遭到体系体例本身的损坏，成果改造既弗成能完全，在无限的规模内也没法胜利。如许，斯托雷平树立家庭自耕农以完成乡村社会转型的妄想被实际击得破碎摧毁，斯托雷平地盘改造和俄罗斯帝国的命运也就具有浓厚的喜剧颜色。本文分从五个部门来阐述斯托雷平地盘改造：第一部门，改造是年夜势所趋。经由过程对改造前改造思惟和举动的阐述，以为1861 Abstract: After the academia relatively popular indecent point is that Russia Stolypin land reform starting point is standard dignitaries, the essence of the reconstruction of is "eldest son separation", helped the rich peasants as a social pillar of the Tsarist authorities. The results of the transformation is that most farmers bear the transformation of risk, most of the rich peasants and the landlord enjoy transformation benefits. Is to although agricultural productivity with each passing day, but still inspire most farmers rejected transformation, such, "economic progress, the transformation of the political revolution" eventually become village ZTE activities and the 1917 revolution. In a word: "from the transformation of the transformation to the anti - reform". But I think that after 1861 the site transformation is the trend, but it was not until 1905 1907 (hereafter referred to as the 1905 all reactionary reactionary) after the outbreak, the Tsarist authorities started too late to stop, site transformation, all too late, in 1905; reactionary and baked Stolypin's starting point is the land reform, stability and the order is in the process of transformation, although there is no large-scale shaking the site, but also not favoring rich peasants, the poor peasants and peasants in reality in the transformation did not get some benefits; transformation is the essence of public ownership and farmers set up sites to rectify the site damaged village, replaced by family farmers system (that is to establish exclusive or exclusive farm field). However, for many farmers in terms of exclusive and exclusive farm fields cannot be like the village flower fields that do ample justice to them, the village system is still lingering; at the same time, agricultural productivity have made significant progress for land transformation, large-scale food exports in the transformation era of tsarist authorities by tightening international reserve and the formation of extensive poverty farmers; in addition, the majority of people and people put forward a request to rectify the designated village have satisfied many farmers voluntarily join the transformation; initially, because between two important transformation of a tree and the public ownership of land consolidation site disc is a paradox (if you want to expand land consolidation achievements will inevitably damage the public ownership of land, and to establish the site if the public ownership, cannot stop unlimited land consolidation), in the process of transformation On site rectification, is to most farmers land ownership is often damaged and not really set up. All of this caused farmers dissatisfaction, which become a major background of the revolution of 1917. Stolypin's desire through the process of the transformation to complete social transformation in order to rescue the Tsarist regime, but Stolypin's reform is the tsarist autocracy system in most of the eve of the restricted the transformation, system reform of the wrist will always constitute a transformation of the purpose of the opposite side and system reform has always been damage to the system style and achievements in transforming both Eph into can completely, in the infinite size did not victory. Such, Stolypin establish family farmers to complete the transformation of rural society of delusion is actually hit crush, Stolypin land transformation and the Russian Empire fate has strong comedy color. This paper expounds, from five departments: the renovation site first, transformation is the trend. Through the process of transformation of the transformation of thinking and action before the exposition, that 1861 目录: |
