| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语论文，下载原文正常，俄语论文范文，内容请直接查看目录。） 清代末年,一场突如其来的肺鼠疫灾祸从俄国西伯利亚的边疆小镇达乌里亚经满洲里、沿中东铁路传入中国西南。这是西南地域的第一次鼠疫年夜风行,也是近代中国的初次年夜范围肺鼠疫灾祸。从1910年10月满洲里发明第一例鼠疫病人算起,短短的几个月间,疫情四周分散并敏捷舒展,致近六万中国人遇难。这场残虐半年不足的鼠疫年夜灾祸,在给中国西南形成了伟大的性命产业丧失的同时,也给先人留下了一个值得沉思的成绩源于境外的鼠疫灾祸何故能在中国西南年夜迸发并敏捷舒展?史实证实,此次鼠疫年夜风行除中国西南社会成长绝对落伍、清代政府腐烂低能的缘由以外,还有一个极端主要的缘由--沙皇当局的工资身分。这场疫情的迸发,是因为俄国强行驱赶其境内的染疫华工回国惹起的。俄国出于私利,不实时阻断其管辖的“中东铁路”交通,任由疫源经过铁路风行西南腹地,形成疫情敏捷舒展。虽然后来俄方在中东铁路从属地也采用了一些防疫办法,并设立了“卫生行政委员会”主抓防疫,但那重要是为了救治俄罗斯人。疫起之初,清当局对疫情防治上的晦气,给俄国介入中国际政供给了托言。在全部防疫进程中,俄国妄图绕开清当局,独揽防疫年夜权。沙皇当局掌握下的中东铁路治理局还对中国人进入哈尔滨实施了严厉的限制,并年夜量增长在中东铁路沿线驻扎的部队,以武力威逼清当局,以便获得更多的在华权益。沙俄在1910—1911年中国西南北部鼠疫灾祸中的所作所为,使部门清廷官员看清了沙俄的真面貌。他们主意,“防疫纯属外交”,应当“严起防治”,以绝“群思干预”的俄、日等国之杂念。1911年万国防疫年夜会中的中国与沙俄代表之间的奋斗恰是表现了这部门官员的思惟偏向。不外,此时清廷曾经处于摇摇欲坠当中,多数精英的运动没法转变清廷即将瓦解的命运,也弗成能从基本上转变中俄关系的性质。不久,方才胜利地救治了西南鼠疫灾祸的清王朝就在辛亥反动的熊熊猛火中化成了灰烬。 Abstract: In the later years of the Qing Dynasty, a sudden pneumonic plague disaster from the Russian Siberian frontier town dawuli via Manzhouli, along the Middle East Railway was introduced into China in the southwest. This is the first time in the southwest region of the plague, but also the first time in modern China, the scope of the plague. From October 1910 Manchuria invented the first case of plague patients count from just a few months, scattered around the epidemic and quickly spread, causing nearly sixty thousand Chinese people were killed. The cruelty in less than half a year of plague Nianye disaster, in to the southwest China formed a great life industry loss at the same time, to the ancestors left a worthy of contemplation of achievement source on the outside of the plague disaster somehow can in Southwest China to the eve of the burst and agile stretch? Facts proved, the plague in the night breeze, except for Southwest China social development is relatively backward, the Qing Dynasty government decay energy of reason and a extremely important reason -- the Tsarist authorities pay status. Burst of this epidemic, because Russia forcibly expelled the territory of infected laborers returned by. Russia out of self-interest, not real-time blocking the jurisdiction of the eastern railway traffic, let the focus after the railway became popular in the hinterland of southwest, forming epidemic agile stretch. Although later Russia in the Middle East Railway subordinate also uses some prevention measures, and the establishment of the health administrative committee "concentrating on epidemic prevention, but it is important to treat the Russians. Since the disease at the beginning of the Qing authorities on the epidemic prevention and control on the bad luck, to the Russian intervention as political words supply Chinese. In the whole process of epidemic prevention, the Russian authorities to attempt to circumvent the Qing, epidemic prevention Nianye right. Middle East Railway Administration under the Tsarist authorities master also for the Chinese people to enter Harbin implemented stringent restrictions, and a large amount of increase in troops stationed along the railway in the Middle East, to the threat of force the Qing government, in order to obtain more interests in China. Tsarist Russia in 1910 - 1911 northern part of Northeast China's plague disaster did, the Qing government officials see the true face of the tsarist Russia. Their idea of "prevention is diplomacy", "strict control should play", to "vast qunsi intervention" Russia, Japan and other countries of the mind. Between the 1911 meeting in China universal prevention with Russia on behalf of the struggle is to show this, officials had to. Nevertheless, at this time, the Qing government was in crumbling among, the majority of the elite in the movement did not change of the Qing Dynasty is about to collapse the fate of, also Eph into can fundamentally change the nature of the relationship between China and Russia. Soon, just to the southwest of the plague disaster rescue victory of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 reactionary raging fire burned to ashes. 目录: |
