| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作及诗学准绳对现代世界文学发生了严重作用，但在以往对陀思妥耶夫斯基的研究中缺乏对其诗学准绳从俄国的宗教文明角度停止批驳的理论。本论文将运用文明批驳的办法，把陀思妥耶夫斯基的诗学准绳置入俄国的文明语境中停止考核，寻觅出二者之间的接洽。俄国从十世纪“罗斯受洗”以降，未能像西欧那样阅历文艺中兴、发蒙活动的世俗化进程，因此坚持了晚期基督教的重要文明特点。陀思妥耶夫斯基就是在这一语境中构成其宗教不雅的，这类宗教不雅以东正教为基本，但融入了他本身的特别体验，除对某些重要教义的接收以外，还包含对天主的辩证体认、神正论思虑(对本身疑惑的答复)、对人的内涵神性的确定、对普世宗教的乌托邦幻想等，这些思惟是组成其诗学准绳的制约身分之一。如一，神正论与实际主义准绳陀思妥耶夫斯基逼真体验了实际的魔难，同时他又深信基督，他试图以“神正论”来处理崇奉与实际的抵触，但却把思惟的悖谬留给了艺术表示，在创作上表现出重视魔难、直面罪行等特点； 二，“人身上的人”与“人的内涵神性”陀思妥耶夫斯基称其是“在完整采取实际主义的前提下发明人身上的人”，俄语论文网站，对这句话的寄义一向众口纷纭。其实陀思妥耶夫斯基是在确定人的神性的准绳下去描述人的，因此他在专注于恶的同时，也在浩瀚低微的人物身上发明着神圣的品德，同时也提醒出人对天主付与的自在的选择与滥用。三，“众声鼓噪”与“聚合性”(соборность)“多声部”性已经是公认的陀思妥耶夫斯基的主要诗学准绳之一。在巴赫金之前就有很多人发明了这类景象，这一准绳在宗教文明的语境中来看，其所构成的缘由除对人的神性确定外，照样普世教会抽象的构造性表现。它将具有分歧品相(天堂型、炼狱型、地狱型)的人组合在一路，俄语论文，使之在这一构造中具有一致的价值。四，用时性、共时性与原型构造从巴赫金起，很多评论者都以为陀思妥耶夫斯基的著作是共时性的，不管构造照样人物都缺乏用时感。其其实在陀思妥耶夫斯基著作中，存在着一个典范的基督教三界原型构造天堂、炼狱、地狱。这三重构造同时具有用时性与共时性。这类构造使陀思妥耶夫斯基的著作在展现罪的同时，也提醒了天堂与炼狱的“罚”的力气，和罪孽中的人由罚走向救赎的“精力辩证成长进程”。陀思妥耶夫斯基基于其宗教乌托邦思惟与实际懂得而营建了一个别验的“最高实际”，他在个中看到了我们所未见的很多器械，但也发明了某些与实际相悖的虚幻之物。 Abstract: Dostoevsky Dostoevsky's creation and poetic principles of modern world literature has had a significant impact, but in the past of Tuo Si Dostoevsky studies lack of the poetic principle from the perspective of Russian religious civilization stop criticism theory. Method, this paper applies the civilization criticism, Dostoevsky Dostoevsky's poetics principle placement Russian civilization in the context of examination, looking for the contact between the two. Russia from the 10th century Rus being baptized "to reduce, not like Western Europe that experience Renaissance and Enlightenment of the secularization process, so stick to the major characteristic of the early Christian civilization. Dostoevsky is in this context constitute the religion of indecent, this kind of religion not Ya Eastern Orthodoxy as the basic, but into his own special experience, in addition to outside of some important teachings received, also includes the God dialectical understanding, theodicy consideration reply to the doubts, the spiritual connotation of determination, the universal religion of the utopian fantasies, and these thoughts is restrict factor for the poetic principle of composition. Such as a, theodicy and practical principles Tuo Dostoevsky lifelike experience the actual trials and tribulations. At the same time he was convinced that Christ. He tried to "theodicy" to deal with worship and the actual conflict, but the absurdity thoughts left the artistic expression, as trials and tribulations, face the crime characteristics in the creation; second, "person" and "people's spiritual connotation" Tuo Dostoevsky said it is "in full to take under the premise of realism to the inventor", this sentence to send righteousness always there are. In fact Dostoevsky in determining the divine principle on describing people, so he in attention to evil, in the vastness of the humble people who invent the sacred character, and to remind the people of God has given free choice and misuse. Three, "numerous sounds clamor" and "polymerization" (a Liapunov by Liapunov, by Liapunov customers, has) "polyphonic" is already recognized Dostoevsky Dostoevsky's poetics principle of. In Bakhtin's before there is a lot of people invented this kind of scene, this principle in the context of religious civilization, its reason in addition to determine the divinity, still the universal Church abstract structural performance. It will have a different product phase (heaven, hell, hell) are combined in a way to is consistent with the value in the structure. , used, synchronic and the prototype structure from Bakhtin, many critics thought Dostoevsky of Dostoevsky's works is synchronic sex, no matter still structural characters are lack sense. The fact in Dostoevsky's works in, there is a model of Christian realms prototype is constructed to heaven, Purgatory and hell. It also has three structural and synchronic time. This kind of structure make Tuo think of Dostoevsky's works show the crime at the same time, also reminded the heaven and purgatory, the punishment strength, and sin by the penalty to salvation energy dialectical development process. " Dostoevsky based on the religious Utopia thought and actually know while building the individual experience "the highest real", he in the medium see we have not seen a lot of equipment, but also invented the some unreal and runs counter to the reality. 目录: |
